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A LECTUKE 



ON 



TEMPERANCE, 



OR ON 



SELFISHNESS AND BENEVOLENCE, 

Showing, that the license, manufacturing, wholesale, and 

retail systems have their origin from the former, and 

the temperance cause from the latter. 



R 



he first is bad, narrow and devilish, looking to the interest of self, and originating with 
the enemy of man. 

The second is good, deep and broad, looking to the interest and happiness of all mankind, 
and flowing from God, 



CONTAINING SEVENTEEN BEAUTIFUL DRAWINGS ON STONE. 



INC 









BY 



J. S. ^lOZZY, 



AUTHOR OF THE TEMPERANCE CHART. 



CINCINNATI, OHIO: 
PUBLISHED BY J. S. MUZZY AJXD J. SHERER, 

At Doolittle & Munson's corner of Main and Fifth street, opposite the Dennison House. 

1846. 



0^°[ 



I 



Entered neeording lo \ct of Congresi, in llieyeai one thousand eight hundred and fort] » ; 
I. S. MUZZY ^ J. BUSRJ 11. 

in the dork's oflice of the District Goo t of Ohio* 



j 



o 9 ' h b 



i 






TO THE FRIENDS OF THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE. 

Having been engaged in selling strong drink, and knowing that he 
was governed wholly and entirely by selfishness, and believing, that, a 
selfish man is not fit to live, neither is he prepared to die, the writer, on 
Selfishness and Benevolence, has endeavoured to examine fairly, and 
impartially, into the nature, origin, and effects of the License, Manufac- 
turing, and Retail Systems, by giving the arguments and reasons in favor 
of, and against the same. Considering Intemperance one of the greatest 
evils in our country r he has thought that a tract of this kind was needed, 
because, the arguments on both sides, are not read and understood by 
many, and because, the statistics of different States published here, have 
been printed in some papers at various times, consequently, their good 
effects have been partly lost. Although he has discoursed plainly and 
frankly, yet, he entertains none but kind feelings towards those in favor 
of such systems, and he hopes his feeble efforts in the cause, will fall 
*nto the hands of some, who are not aware of the heavy and grievous 
wardens resting upon them by taxation, to support Intemperance. 



INDEX. 

Pages. 

On Selfishness and Benevolence, 3^ 4 

The License System, and its effects, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 11, 12 

u Manufacturing and Retail Systems, and their effects, 13, 14, 15, 16 

*'* Temperance cause, and its effects, 17, 18, 19 20 

Introduction to the Temperance Chart, 21 

Sketch of the Life of Alcohol, the Sorcerer, 22, 23, 24 

The Father killed his Son, . ... 25 

The pious woman praying in her closet, 26 

They signed the Pledge on the Coffin, ^27 

The intemperate Gambler dying, 93 

The Family going to the Poor House, 09 

The Widow's Appeal, 30 

Four Diagrams on the S5, 36, 37 

Five Drawings of the road Intemperance, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 

Two Drawings of the road Reformation, 42, 43 

Certificates of six Presidents,. . • 49 

A short sketch of the Life of James Mullen, 44 f 45^ 4(5 



m 

After the drawing has been repeatedly noticed, that 
represents General Washington lying on the bed of 
death, reflections often come up in the mind, which would 
not arise, if the drawing had not been made. Children 
would probably remember the Temperance book, and 
the Chart hanging up in their parents* dwellings, after 
their parents were dead and gone, when many miles from 
their native homes. They would then have the Chart 
and the drawings imprinted on their minds, particu- 
larly the poor widow, speaking at the meeting. Early 
impressions, made when young, are often lasting, and 
they frequently have a good influence in future life. 
When a boy attending school, the author frequently read 
a piece, entitled " Cruelty to Brutes Censured." The 
following words were a part of the piece, viz: " But he 
that has humanity forewarned, will step aside and let the 
reptile live." Since that time, when walking, about to 
tread on a reptile or an insect, the words above, would 
suddenly strike his mind, and by making an extra effort, 
the life of the little creature has been saved. He sin- 
cerely hopes and believes that some persons will read 
the matter and examine the drawings, whose prejudices 
prevent their reading temperance papers, and hearing 
temperance lectures. 

Search for truth, look for error, 

Embrace the former, and discard the latter. 



SELFISHNESS AND BENEVOLENCE 



The former manufactures, sells, kills, and breaks the heart of woman; 
The latter takes out of the gutter, and dries up her tears. 



Man was originally made, a holy, upright, and benevolent be- 
ing, consequently, the principle of selfishness did not have a place 
in his sympathizing and affectionate soul. Had he remained in 
the state in which his Maker created him, he would not have had 
a selfish mind, looking to his own particular interest, but he 
would have possessed a benevolent disposition, earnestly desiring 
the comfort and happiness of all mankind. But he sinned, he 
fell, and lo ! he became a deceitful, oppressive, and avaricious 
being, having lost all those excellent traits, given him by the Di- 
vine Being. Selfishnes-s made him fall. This principle in man, 
is the parent of nearly all the wickedness in the world, filling our 
jails and penitentiaries with the wicked and abandoned. But 
what is selfishness? It is, according to Walker, "attention to 
his own interest, without any regard to others." Selfishness, 
then, made our first parents eat the forbidden fruit, caused Pha- 
raoh to oppress the children of Israel, made Saul seek the life of 
David, murdered Uriah, by placing him in front of the battle; it 
cast Daniel into the lions' den, and, selfishness crucified the Im- 
mortal Son of God. Benevolence sent him into the world. The 
definition of Benevolence, according to the same author, "is dis- 
position to do good, kindness," &c. Benevolence, then, seeks to 
do good to all mankind; Selfishness seeks to benefit self, without 
any regard to others. This principle in a physician, w r ou!d take 
the last cow, or flour, a poor man has. Benevolence would re- 
ceipt the bill in full, and send the baker with bread. The former, 
in a usurer, would extort one or two hundred per cent,, and turn 
the poor man's wife and children out of doors to starve and freeze. 
The latter, would take no more than simple interest, perhaps, not 
any, and would wait until the poor man could make an arrange^ 
ment. The one, continues manufacturing and selling whisk}', 
the other, would change the Distillery into a flouring mill, or some 
other manufactory, thereby preventing the misery and ruin of 
thousands. Selfishness is the father of oppression, and it seeks 



6 SELFISHNESS AND BENEVOLENCE. 

to enslave. This principle in Pharaoh, made him oppress and 
enslave the children of Israel. In Great Britain, it threw heavy 
and grievous burdens on the American People. She sought to 
enslave them. Benevolence, in the signers of the Declaration 
of Independence, looking to the interests of mankind, moved 
them to " pledge their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred ho- 
nor," for the happiness of the People, giving unto them, the ines- 
timable blessing of civil and religious liberty. Selfishness may 
be compared to a large, rough, and crooked tree, with many 
huge, rough, and crooked branches. Its leaves and branches are 
so thick, that the heat of the sun does not penetrate and warm 
the soil near it, driving out straight and useful trees, which would 
grow, if, it were not there. Benevolence may also be compared 
to a large, straight, and beautiful tree, with many long and smooth 
branches. On the first, we behold the branch of hardheartedness. 
On the second, the branch of sympathy. On the former, cruelty, 
oppression and slavery. On the latter, mercy, deliverance and 
freedom. On Selfishness, we see deception, duplicity and false- 
hood. On Benevolence, frankness, candor and truth. On the 
former, animosity and hatred; on the latter, kindness and love. 
On the one, avarice and covctousness; on the other, generosity, 
and liberality. Near the tree, Selfishness, stand the Distillery, 
the Rectifier, the Coffee House, and the Doggery. 

Near the tree, Benevolence, stand churches, colleges and semi- 
naries of learning. In the former, there are the thief, the gam- 
bler, the profane, and the Sabbath breaker. In the latter, the 
minister, the teacher, and Sabbath school. In one, they deal out 
death and destruction; in the other, intelligence and the Word of 
Life. From Selfishness comes hardheartedness, because, a selfish 
man looks on the poor and distressed, without being moved; he 
has no tender sensibility of soul. From Benevolence, sympathy. 
A benevolent man looks on the poor and needy with tender feel- 
ings, he sympathizes with them, and then, if in his power, he 
administers relief. The one, has no soul, the other, has a heart as 
large as the whole world. The former, is little and narrow, look- 
ing to the interest of self, and it comes from the enemy of man. 
The latter, is deep and broad, looking to the interest and happi- 
ness of all mankind, and it comes from God. The one, leads its 
victim to misery, wretchedness and death. The other, gives to its 
possessor happiness and eternal Life. So we perceive, that these 
two principles have no resemblance to each other. They are as 
wide apart, as the North and South Poles; as far from each 
other, as Heaven is from Hell. 



ON THE LICENSE STSTEM, 



LICENSE SYSTEM, AND ITS EFFECTS. 

I shall now endeavor to examine into the nature, origin, and 
effects of the license system. If this system be good, if it bene- 
fits the people, then, in that case, they ought by all means to 
have it, but if, on examination, we find it is injurious, a curse, 
and fraught with terrible and alarming consequences, then, it is 
our imperative duty, to use all honorable means to obtain its dis- 
continuance. 

A man may be selfish in the performance of an act, and at the 
same time, be ignorant of his selfishness. So, it may be the case 
with some, who are in favor of the license system. They argue 
that they must grant licenses, because, the amount paid for them, 
will assist in defraying the expenses of the city, or county, not 
considering, that when they receive $100 for a license, the peo- 
ple are taxed §500, or $1000, to pay the costs of prosecution, 
and expenses of prisons and poor houses. The whole misery 
and expense, resulting from their receiving $100 for a license. 

Is this proper legislation? Is this statemanship? to obtain 
$ 100, and by so doing, lose $1000. Such men are like the 
Quack Doctor. He finds his patient sick; not understanding his 
profession, he gives him a medicine that kills him immediately; 
endeavoring to take off an arm, he cuts off his head. Selfishness 
here, is the father of ignorance, not looking to the effects, to the 
whole results. But some men advocate the license system, for 
the loaves and fishes, being well aware, they are aiding and as- 
sisting, in filling our jails and penitentiaries w T ith the w 7 icked and 
abandoned, our Hospitals with the sick, and our Poor Houses 
with the poor, saying, " they must carry out the will of their con- 
stituents, and that they are not responsible for what men do." 
From beholding the duplicity and dishonesty of some politicians 
and demagogues of the present day, we are compelled to believe, 
that they would rather see these heart-rending results of Intem- 
perance, than to go against the system, and lose the loaves and 
fishes. Oh! God, save us from such men. When I compare 
the conduct of some men, with the acts of the heroes of the 
Revolution, I am struck with astonishment. I feel to weep over 
poor fallen human nature. It is time the people move in this 
matter, and hurl such men from office. Let whigs select whigs, 
who will oppose this system. Let democrats do the same; but 
if the political parties are so ground, and bound down by the 
shackles of party, then, I say, let us throw Whiggery and Loco- 
focoism to the four winds for the time being, and select men who 
will remember poor breeding and suffering humanity, and will go 



& AND ITS EFFECTS. 

against this man-destroying, and soul-destroying system. It is 
said by some, that this system does not hold out inducements to 
drink, and does not sow the seeds of Intemperance. But every 
reflecting mind ought to know better. If there were none to 
sell, would the gentleman who travels in his carriage, or other- 
wise, carry a bottle in his pocket? 

Would the butcher and drover drink, as often as they now do? 
Would the moderate drinker, who does not care much about his 
mint julips, stop at a Coffee House, and treat and be treated? I 
answer no, for there would be none to sell, neither would he 
regret it. But let there be many on one street, several in one 
block, and he would stop when going to, and from his work, and 
lie would drink, and drink, until Intemperance had fastened his 
deadly fangs upon him, and then he would fall, as many amia- 
ble and talented hove fallen. 

Some say, that men would drink as much as they now do, if 
no licenses were granted, because they would buy it by the gal- 
lon, or barrel, and keep it in their houses. This class would pro- 
bably do so, because they are very intemperate, but many mode- 
rate drinkers would not, though they occasionally treat and are 
treated, it being fashionable to do so, yet, they would not regret 
the abandonment of the system, not desiring their wine and mint 
julips, consequently? they would not drink more than once, where 
they now do twenty times, there being convenient places to 
procure it. 

We will look at the cost of this system in a financial point of 
view. The following is an extract of a Report, made by Mr. 
Chapman of New York, who visited all the counties in that State, 
for the purpose, of taking the exact guage and dimensions of pov- 
erty and crime in the Prisons and Almshouses. He says: 
" There were in the different jails, reputed temperate, 641 

# " doubtful, ' 1,033 

" " intemperate, 3,883 

poor houses, not from intemperance, 1,158 
" " doubtful, 1,402 

" " from intemperance, 5,874 

The whole amount which the people had to pay for pauperism 
and crime in one year, was, $'631,022 51." After deducting the 
amount paid for pauperism and crime, not caused by intemper- 
ance, the people were directly taxed over §500,000 00 to pay 
for Intemperance in one year. The New York Evening Post 
states, on the authority of the coroner, that during the last year, 
1 845, u inquests have been held on the bodies of six hundred and 
thirty-four persons in that city. Of this number, full three-fifths 
died from the effects of intemperance, making a total of threo 



u 


44 


44 


44 


44 


44 


44 


44 


44 


44 



ON THE LICENSE SYSTEM, 9 

hundred and eighty persons, who died suddenly in consequence 
of indulging in habits of intoxication, and upon whom it was ne- 
cessary to hold inquests. The average cost to the city for hold- 
ing an inquest, is about six dollars, and by multiplying the number 
of deaths caused by intemperance by six, we ascertain that in 
one year, it costs the city for holding inquests on inebriates, the 
sum of $2,280. This is independent of the value of the time of 
our citizens, who are called to sit as jurors, and the expense of 
burying the inebriates, who have been made poor by their beastly 
habits. Allowing then, that the value of the time of the jurors 
amounted to three dollars for each inquest, and we have the fur- 
ther sum of $1,140, which added to the sum previously men- 
tioned, makes a total of $3,400. We do not mention these things 
as a mere calculation of dollars and cents, but simply to show one 
item of the expenses to which the city is subjected, in conse- 
quence of intemperance." 

According to an estimate of Mr. Williams, the temperance 
agent, the pauper tax of Massachusetts amounted, a few years 
ago, to $200,000 — eight-tenths of which was ascertained to be 
the result of ardent spirits. Two years ago, this tax was reduced 
to $136,000; and the last year, it amounted to only $41,000. 
This great reduction is to be accounted for by the cheering fact, 
that, within these few years, there have been thirty thousand 
drunkards reformed. Thus has the temperance movement, besides 
bringing life, health, and hope to the lost, and comfort and happi- 
ness to thousands of homes, put thousands of dollars into the 
pockets of the tax-payers of that single State. Who can be an 
enemy to so useful and excellent a work? Mr. W. also states, 
that in the town of Worcester, within three years, the number 
of inmates of the poor house has been reduced from 469 to 1 1 9 
by the operation of the same cause. 

Now turn your attention to Hamilton county, Ohio. The fol- 
lowing is a part of a report, made by a committee, regularly ap- 
pointed by the Hamilton County Temperance Union. They 
say: <; There are, alone, in the city of Cincinnati, about 476 esta- 
blishments engaged in the business, averaging about five persons 
to each establishment, making in all 2,380 persons engaged in the 
business. There are, also, 33 licensed taverns in the county, and 
out of the city. The whole yielding a revenue to the city and 
county, of about $8,000. The taverns in the county yield 
$323,50, for licenses. There are, also, about 30 taverns and 
coffee houses unlicensed. 

44 Now for the result of this business. The Sheriff of this county, 



10 AND ITS EFFECTS, 

has made out the following as his Jail Report, for the year, ending 

Nov* 1st, 1844* There have been committed: 

Males, 724 

Females, 119 

Total. 843 



For the following charges — Larceny, 


256 


Vagrancy, 
Debtors, 


140 

42 


Counterfeiting, 


29 


Burglary, 
Manslaughter, 


2 
4 


Murder, 


5 



Total, 478 

" The remainder for minor offences, such as breach of the City 
Ordinances, rioting, &c. From these criminals, 4,684 days labor 
have been obtained, valued at $2,323 50. 

"Of the whole number of prisoners confined this year, 680 were 
of intemperate habits." Since the first of January, 1844,49 
have been sent to the Penitentiary, and 54 to the chain-gang. 
The number sent to the Penitentiary from this county alone, 
being abbot one-fourth of the whole number sent, from the re- 
mainder of seventy-five counties. Hamilton county having a popu- 
lation of about 125,000, and the rest of the State that of about 
two millions. The amount expended for prosecuting these crim- 
inals and maintaining them in jail, is: — 

Coroners, Witnesses, and Constables fees, §697 00 

Prosecuting Attorney, 863 50 

Grand Jurors, m 656 35 

Petit Jurors, 3,439 95 

Witnesses, 2,402 34 

Expenses of the chain-gang, 1,523 95 

Maintaining prisoners in jail, 7,100 80 

Amount paid officers and witnesses on inquests of 

lunacy and idiocy, 120 57 

Commercial Hospital in keeping the same, 3,871 37 

$19,875 91 
Our Criminal Court sets about four months in the year, the 
President Judge receiving four dollars per day, and the Associates 
$2 50 each, this together with the Sheriffs and Clerk's cost, will 
amount to about $35,000 per year, which has mostly to be paid 
out of the county Treasury, it very seldom happening that a 



ON THE LICENSE SYSTEM, 11 

defendant is able to pay the costs himself. Deduct from this the 
sum of $10,847, the amount collected for tavern licenses and 
chain-gang work, and you have a deficit of nearly $25,000, to be 
*nade off the people by taxation. This too, is independent of 
the vast amount of costs taxed by the Mayor, and Magistrates, in 
cases which never reach Court. This tax alone, bears a propor- 
tion of one-eighth of the whole amount of tax collected for 
School, County, Bridge, and other purposes. 

About one-half of the amount of revenue collected from tavern 
licenses outside the city, and in the county, is nearly swallowed 
up by the amount paid out in Mill creek township alone, for the 
support of pauperism. The sum paid by this township to the 
Trustees of Cincinnati township was, $446 45, for the support 
of paupers. There has been paid out of the County Treasury 
during the past year, the following sums for Township and poor 
taxes: 

To Sycamore township, 



u 


Colerain 


44 


u 


Springfield 


44 


44 


Crosby 


44 


ii 


Whitewater 


44 


u 


Miami 


44 


u 


Delhi 


44 


44 


Greene 


44 


u 


Millcreek 


44 


»; 


Fulton 


44 


u 


Columbia 


44 


4; 


Cincinnati 


44 



$422 


66 


370 


35 


417 


84 


95 


99 


447 


60 


350 


16 


165 


72 


605 


83 


1,782 


06 


536 


88 


774 


59 


25,583 


99 



Total, $31,753 65 

This, when added to the deficit of $25,000 before stated, and 
$4,232 31, the amount paid out for Mayor's, Magistrates and 
constables fees, not before enumerated, will make an annual expen- 
diture of $60,835 96. This may seem like an enormous amount 
— but still it is correctly taken from the Auditor's and Treasurer's 
Annual Reports. 

The amount actually expended for the support of Pauperism 
in the Township of Cincinnati, during the last year, was $33,000 
— five-sixths of which your committee have been informed by 
the Trustees, under whose personal knowledge every applicant 
for assistance has come, has been expended, to relieve those who 
had become applicants for public charity, by means of intem- 
perance. Taking this, therefore, as data upon which to fix a 
correct amount of expenditures, arising from intemperance, and 
fixing that amount at the lowest possible rate, to avoid running 



12 AKD ITS EFFECTS. 

into extremes, and the actual expenses of this county, by way 
of taxes levied on property, which the citizens are obliged to 
pay, cannot fall short of $45,000 per annum, or about the fourth 
of the whole amount of taxes annually levied upon their proper- 
ty. The amount of taxes collected and expended for School 
purposes, during the last year, has been 

For Cincinnati Township, $25,588 7 

For Country Townships, 12,668 8 



E 



Total, $38,257 6 

Or, $22,588 32 less than the amount expended, for the su 
port of Pauperism and crime, and about $7000 less than th 
lowest supposible amount expended for that, arising from intem- 
perance. Or, if we take into account the private loss, arising 
from criminal depredations committed by those whose associations, 
habits, and characters have been formed around places, where 
ardent spirits are sold, the amount will be almost incalculable. 
Upon the closest calculation, which we are enabled to make, the 
county, upon the same amount, could support comfortably every 
person engaged in the traffic, and every criminal who has filled 
the jail during the last year, and then, have sufficient left at the 
end of the year to build 20 comfortable school houses, and edu- 
cate at each of them 150 scholars. 

Nor is this all. The expenses which we are daily incurring, 
the private donations given daily and hourly to relieve the 
suffering, and of which no account can be taken, amount to 
an enormous tax, upon every man of benevolent feelings, espe- 
cially in the city. We have also in the city, four orphan asy- 
lums, which are supported mainly by private donations. These, 
support constantly about 400 orphan children; at an expense of 
$20,000, two-thirds of whom are placed there through the doings 
of intemperance; and, in many instances, whole families of chil- 
dren, orphans of living parents, from whom intemperance had 
torn their protectors. 

There has been received into the Commercial Hospital during 
the last year, 1500 persons, most of them in the worst state oT 
destitution. Of this number, 235 were in a state of intoxication 
when received; 17 laboring under the effects of delirium tremens, 
five of whom are keepers of coffee houses, one brewer, three law- 
yers, three clerks, one actor, and the rest mechanics and laborers 

One whole family, consisting of six persons, w r as taken in to 
gether, having been found lying in a miserable shantee in the 
outskirts of the city — all drunk. And we were told by the 
keeper of the Hospital, who is a very careful observer, that moro 
than one thousand of those taken in, were intemperate them- 



ad 

, 

3n 

ns, 

rs. 
to- 




The Father Killed his Son . S ee letter JL 



ON THE LICENSE SYSTEM, 13 

selves, or had been compelled to seek an asylum, m consequence 
of intemperance." 

According to this Report, the "hard- working people of Hamil- 
ton county, were directly taxed $45,000. after deducting the 
amount, paid for license, to support intemperance in the county. 

Will the people submit to this? will they pay such a large 
amount, and remain idle? Can they glance at these reports, and 
not be moved, without having the sensibility of soul awakened? 
Can the Patriot, the Philanthropist, refuse to act, when their 
rights and their liberties are taken away? I solemnly wish, that 
when a man is murdered by Intemperance, that he might be car- 
ried into the Council Chamber, in presence of the fathers, man- 
gled and covered with blood, his wife and children weeping 
around him. There was a time when farmers left their farms, 
lawyers their offices, and a Warren his practice, who fell in the 
battle of Bunker Hill, to throw off grievous burdens, bearing 
heavily upon the colonies by the oppression of Great Britain, 
but now, when great ones press us down by taxation without our 
consent, and in addition to these, there are great anguish and suf- 
fering, which language cannot describe, together with the 40.000 
drunkards that die every year in the United States, and yet 
many sanction this system. I do believe that there is virtue in 
the people. I sincerely hope the day of retribution is at hand. 
God grant it may speedily come. Permit me to call your atten- 
tion to the manufacturer. His business is profitable, so far, as 
making money is concerned. I recently went into a Distillery, 
in which they convert over 550 bushels into whisky, every day, 
producing about 2,000 gallons. The market price of whisky at 
this time, is 23 cts. a gallon, so the 2,000 gallons are worth 
$460. Five hundred and fifty bushels of grain, at 30 cts. a 
bushel, amount to $165. The labor of 20 men cannot cost more 
than $20, for some they probably hire for 50 or 75 cts. a day. 
The cost of the grain and labor is $135, which subtracted from 
the sum the whisky is worth, leaves a profit of $285, for one 
day. The offals will more than pay the interest on the money, 
invested in the building, machinery, and real estate. $285.' 
$285! made in one day; $89,205 in one year, leaving out Sun- 
days to go to church. Who would not engage in this business? 
Who would not embrace such an opportunity to make money? 
I answer, the true-hearted Washingtonian, the friend of man- 
kind, and there are many whom $285, for one day, or $89,205, 
for one year, would not have any influence over. They are 
men, whose consciences are not seared over with whisky and 
money; men of benevolence, who give relief to the poor and 
needy, and who take the drunkard from the gutter, thereby, giv- 



14 AND ITS EFFECTS. 

ing to srcfety a good citizen^ and to woman a sober nnd affec- 
tionate husband. Do the manufacturers act thus? Are they a 
blessing in community? Do the poor and needy apply to them 
for relief? Do they take the drunkard out of the gutter ? 
Do they in speeches, say to their fellow-citizens, for God's sake 
stop drinking? Is there any Benevolence manifested? I leave the 
reader to answer these questions. The methodist clergyman 
looks on the book, and finds that Br. A., a steward, lives at such 
a place on the circuit. He starts to visit the steward, and, on 
arriving in sight of his house, he beholds the Distillery owned by 
the brother. He feels grieved, and he resolves that he will ad- 
monish the steward, and try to persuade him to discontinue the 
business. He arrives at the house, and finds it well and com- 
fortably furnished, the table spread with the best the country 
affords. On enquiry, he learns that the steward is an influential 
member, paying a large amount for the support of the ministry. 
Although he feels grieved, yet, he hesitates, and durst not tell his 
brother that he is sending men to hell by his business, tearing the 
steward would be offended and would refuse to support him. 
Selfishness governs the clergyman. Benevolence would admon- 
nish the man, and leave the result with God, without a reference 
to the support. I have understood that there is a methodist 
within a few miles of Cincinnati, who has a distillery, converting 
the staff of life into poison, to kill mankind. There is something 
wrong, or this man would have been expelled before. Other 
churches are as guilty as the Methodist church. They have 
members that are selling and manufacturing, and it is time those 
churches move in the work of admonition and expulsion. The 
Almighty dollar, selfishness, keeps such m^n in the churches. 
They subscribe liberally, they are influential members, and the 
ministers and members dare not say a word, governed wholly 
and entirely by selfishness. 

Having said thus much, I feel it my imperative duty to admit, 
/hat no class of men have made greater sacrifices, by sea and by 
land, in penetrating the wilderness, and offering the Gospel of 
Christ, without money and without price, than the clergy of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church. But, there are cases as in other 
churches, — dealers in strong drink, that require admonition and 
expulsion. There is one place where such men cannot enter. 
One place in which they could not remain. That place is the 
order of the u Sons of Temperance." I know the order has its 
enemies, being well aware that many have objections, but those 
objections can be satisfactorily answered. Yes, even those in a 
pamphlet, published by the Rev. Mr. Blanchard. 

Having proven beyond the possibility of a doubt, that the li- 



MANUFACTURING AND RETAIL SYSTEMS, 15 

cense and manufacturing systems are founded in Selfishness, I 
will now notice the retailers of strong drink. All of these are 
sowing the seeds of intemperance, aiding in making widows and 
orphans. Some do it with their eyes open, whilst others sell, 
not having looked into the alarming effects of such business. 
They do it as I once did, before my eyes were opened, before 
the Temperance cause began. " In this way," using the words 
of Gen. Harrison, " I will sin no more." No amount of money 
could tempt me, because, I should be afraid that what I might sell, 
would make a man murder another, sending him down to Hell. 
A man, intoxicated, was committed to jail — when reason had 
resumed her throne, and he came to himself, he asked the jailor 
what he was there for, and on being told on a charge of murder, 
he exclaimed: " My God, what will my wife say; her husband 
in jail, and a murderer." This poor man had murdered his own 
wife. But there are other considerations, which would prevent 
me from selling. That allowance ought not to be made now for 
the seller, which could be made when I was engaged in the busi- 
ness, because more light has been given. This was 17 years ago* 

Some men are keeping public houses, feeling they are the ser- 
vants of the Public, and they say they ought to keep what the 
traveller desires. Suppose a traveller should ask for arsenic, 
saying, he intended to take some before going to bed. Would 
the Landlord give it? No; why not? Because he could not think 
of giving his guest a poison, which would kill him, and because 
the law would hold him accountable. Is not the landlord guilty, 
when he sells a slow poison? and ought not the law to hold him 
accountable? Some are engaged, whose whole property con- 
sists in the building and furniture; being unacquainted with other 
business, they try to justify themselves, believing the Public 
would not sustain them without selling, thinking this is the only 
way they can procure a subsistence for their families. When 
lectures are given and articles written, this class ought to be ad- 
dressed, in a feeling and reasonable manner, and appealed to in 
behalf of poor bleeding humanity. They ought to charge high, 
and stop retailing, and if they could not be sustained without, 
they had better quit the business altogether, and if they could 
not find a better occupation, it would be for their own true in- 
terest, and the happiness of mankind, to commence peeling 
brooms. Benevolence says, stop, Selfishness says, go on. 

But I cannot have this charity for the keepers of Doggeries 
and Coffee Houses. They are robbing men of their reason and 
money, starving and beggaring wives, and children, because, 
they often manage adroitly, to filch from intemperate men their 
money, when that same money was needed, to prevent their 



16 AND THEIR EFFECTS. 

families from suffering and starving. Quarrels and murders often 
occur in, and near these Coffee Houses; consequently, they are 
filling our Jails and Penitentiaries with the wicked and abandoned, 
our Hospitals and Poor Houses with the sick and poor. In conse- 
quence of this, the people are directly taxed a large amount to pay 
the costs of prosecution, to support the Hospitals, and Poor Houses. 
The Sheriff of Hamilton county, Ohio, has presented his An- 
nual Report of the criminal statistics of the county, for the year 
ending Oct. 31, 1845. Here it is, reader — look at it. The whole 
number committed, is 873. Of these, 790 are of intemperate 
habits. 

Native Born, 599 

Foreigners, 274 

Crimes against property, 188 

" " persons, 115 

For Debt, 41 

Breach of City Ordinances, 321 

Insane, 3 

Other Causes, 205 

>>ent to States' Prison, 39 

Hamilton County Prison chain-gang 61 

4; " dungeon, 3 

Acquitted, 16 

Let to Bail, 109 

• No indictments found against, 66 

Escaped, 6 

Otherwise discharged, 487 

Remaining in jail, 43 

No. of days' work done by chain gang, 4,307 

Value of labor, at 50 cts. per day, $2,153.50 

Females, 74 

Colored persons, 90 

The following are from the Western Washingtonian, of Cin- 
cinnati, and other papers: 

" There are in Cincinnati, of liquor dealers, their families, 
clerks, &c. — those who get their whole living out of this traffic 
— about 25,000 persons. They do not live on an average of less 
than one dollar and a half each per week, reckoning food, cloth- 
ing, and contingencies. This makes the expense of supporting 
this class of drones and vampires on society, a trifle less than two 
millions of dollars, annually, which is certainly no small drain 
upon the industry and resources of our citizens. But this is not 
all. The expenses of prisons, penitentiaries, pauper-houses, and 
courts of justice, resulting directly, or indirectly, from the busi- 
ness, have yet to be added, which will increase the above sum 



MANUFACTURING AND RETAIL SYSTEMS, 17 

over Haifa million of dollars. If, to this, we add the loss of debts 
by insolvencies, and the wanton or careless destruction of pro- 
perty, which may be justly attributed to dram -drinking habits, 
another half million will be a low estimate, making the round 
number of three millions of dollars. 

u In a business view of the case, it is proper to offset against 
the above, the amount derived from the sale of indulgences, alias, 
the license system. Say 4,000 groggeries at §20 each — §80,000 
— a sum rather insignificant to weigh against three millions. 

4; Is not this subject befitting the attention of those who legis- 
lat.e for the general good?*' 

"The Temperance Regulator, a spirited paper, published at 
Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in some remarks upon the subject of 
rumselling, says, that within the last thirty years, seventy-four 
persons have been engaged in the sale of intoxicating drinks, 
under license, in that village. Of this number, ten died of deli- 
rium tremens; one broke his neck by a fall; one committed sui- 
cide, by cutting his throat; one was drowned; six died of diseases 
caused by the use of intoxicating drinks; twelve were gamblers 
or horse jockeys; ten failed in business; six have been drunkards, 
reformed; and seven are now drunkards, From this it seems 
that the business is attended with a curse, and that those who 
engage in it, are sure to experience the retributions of heaven 
for their man-destroying traffic/' 

M A.t a great temperance meeting in the Park, New York city, 
Mr. Carey, of Ohio, made an eloquent address. He stated, that 
of some sixty odd dealers in alcoholic liquors whom he had known 
in Ohio, (and he had not a gray hair in his head) fifty were dead, 
and nearly all had died drunkards. Of something more than four 
hundred, of the prisoners in the State Prison of Ohio, 160 had 
been dealers in distilled spirits." 

Oh! that the dealers in strong drink, could have brought before 
them all the graves that are filled with drunkards, all their wid- 
ows, and orphans, and all the sick and poor, at home or abroad, 
or in the different Hospitals, and poor houses, caused by Intem- 
perance. Oh! that they could see with their natural eyes, the 
quarrels, murders, the tears and sighs of woman, and all the poor 
men, and others, who are working and struggling for a scanty 
subsistence, produced by the same cause; and then, if these dead 
drunkards could arise, and speak, they would say, you have kept 
Doggeries, and Coffee Houses. You held out inducements to 
drink, sometimes treated, played, and gambled with us, loaned 
money and accommodated us, (as we then thought) causing us to 
drink, until we became intemperate, neglecting our business. By 
so doing, debts were accumulated, sind our property was sacri- 



18 AND THEIR EFFECTS. 

ficed to pay you and others. Our wives in our last sickness, 
whilst waiting kindly upon us, frequently wept, tears rolling down 
their cheeks, and we were well aware, at that time, that intem- 
perance was the cause. And then, if these widows could speak, 
they would say, Our husbands contracted an appetite for drink- 
ing in your houses. Many times we have expected them home 
with provision, and clothing, for we were suffering, and on en- 
quiry, they had spent their money for drink, in your bar-rooms. 
In consequence of this, we and our children have suffered be- 
yond description, and sometimes benevolent friends have kept 
us from starving and freezing to death. Our pillows have been 
wet with our tears, sleep has departed from our eyes, until morn- 
ing, when our children would cry in vain for bread, and some of 
us have starved to death in an open leaky house, on a bed of 
straw. Had you determined you would not sell, and if you had 
pursued a proper course, we, and our once kind and affectionate 
liusbands, would be alive, and we should be happy. Our children 
would be well situated in life, living happily with us. But now, 
they are scattered here, and there, uneducated, working and 
struggling in the valley pf poverty, for a scanty subsistence. All 
this has taken place in consequence of intemperance, and we 
entreat you, in the name of God, to change your course. If this 
affecting scene could occur, it would probably prevent many 
from continuing, but, I am afraid, that, there are some so callous, 
hard-hearted and abandoned, that they would sell, if the devils 
were about, and hell in sight beneath them. Is there any benev- 
olence manifested in their business! Are they looking to the 
interest and happiness of all mankind? Do they assist in defray- 
ing the expenses of government? when they put into the treasury 
$'10,000, and by their business take out $50,000, or $100,000? 
Would the poor and needy apply to them for relief? Are they 
erecting churches, colleges, and seminaries of learning? Are 
they found in the Sabbath school? Do they take the drunkard 
out of the gutter, and reform him? 

I leave the intelligent reader to answer these questions. 

Reader, suppose you had a class of creatures in community, I 
w r ill not call them hogs, horses or cattle, that dress well and live 
extravagantly, and you had to support them in their idleness and 
extravagance. Would you support them? 

Suppose, that in addition to all this, they, by their adroitness, 
got people to buy an article, which made some poor, some sick, 
and others crazy, and when under the influence of it, some fought, 
stabbed and murdered each other, and you had to pay the costs 
of prosecution, besides supporting the poor and sick, made so by 
what they sold. Would your bear these grievances? 




The Gambler dying Si 




2 x he moiis woman jtrayiruf iti her closet. SJetlerJi 



THE 1EMPERANXE CAUSE, j9 

Suppose, again, that you had authority over them, but it was 
transferred to men whom you had selected, but you could select 
others at any time. Now, would you keep these men in office, 
if they still made you support those creatures, compelling you to 
pay all the expenses, resulting directly, or indirectly, from their 
business. I say, would you keep such men in office? 

No man ought to countenance a wicked practice, or, engage 
in business, unless the result of his labor will benefit his fellow- 
citizens. If he engage in what is wrong, by selling, or manufactur- 
ing a bad article, which will injure mankind, he will bring misery 
and WTetchedness upon himself, and on them, and he will be a 
burden, a drawback, on society. On the other hand, if his pursuits 
are good and right, peace and happiness will reign in his own 
heart, they will come to others, by his good works, he will be a 
blessing in community, and the world will be the better that such a 
man had an existence among mankind. But Selfishness says, I 
will commence or continue any business, and if people will make 
fools of themselves, it is not my fault. "I make or sell the article, 
but I do not compel them to buy it. They can drink, or, let it alone, 
although I will hold out inducements to drink, by having a beau- 
tiful and well furnished bar, and a large turtle hanging at the 
door. I shall attend to my own interest, and others can attend 
to theirs, or let it alone. If they do not, they are in the fault, 
not I." One kind of selfishness is proper, although I do not think 
it ought to be called selfishness, in fact, it is not selfishness, 
according to the definition; it is that which looks to the in- 
terest of its possessor, and to the interest of others at the same 
time. The Farmer can reflect that he produces what will benefit 
mankind, as well as himself. The Baker knows he is making the 
staff of life, thereby making what his fellow-citizens need. The 
Merchant, the Physician, and the Mechanic, are needed in soci- 
ety, but of what use in the world is the Doggery Keeper? Sup- 
pose, a man were to engage in business, and before commencing 
he knew that he could succeed in making money- by manufactur- 
ing or selling an article which the people would like, but, at the 
same time, he knew that it would ruin therrf, and shorten their 
lives; would it be right? Suppose, he knew that the people 
would be well aware at the time of purchasing the article that 
it would injure and ruin them by using it, would it be right? 

Suppose again, that before beginning to manufacture, or to sell, 
he thought it would benefit them, and after following the business 
for a short time, he saw it was a curse to mankind, whilst it helped 
him. Would it be right? Suppose again, the article relieved 
him in sickness, and it benefitted one in a hundred, but the 99 
were made miserable and wretched beyond description. Some 



20 AND ITS EFFECTS. 

were made widows and orphans, and some were murdered under 
the influence of the article. Would it be right. Reason says, 
no. Benevolence says, discontinue the business, and procure 
another remedy for diseases. Poor bleeding and suffering hu- 
manity says, stop. The tears -and sighs of woman say, stop. 
The costs of prosecution, our Poor Houses, our Hospitals, Jails 
and Penitentiaries admonish us. The graves of drunkards, their 
widows and orphans that have died, the 40,000 drunkards, that 
die every year in the United States, their 30,000 widows, and 
their 120,000 orphans, all would say, stop, if they could arise and 
speak. I remarked at the commencement of this lecture, that, 
Selfishness and Benevolence have no resemblance to each other; 
they are as wide apart as the north and south poles — as far from 
each other, as Heaven is from Hell. The former seeks to benefit 
self at all hazards. The latter seeks to benefit the whole world. 
Every reflecting mind must discover that the Temperance cause 
has its origin from Benevolence, because it looks to the interest. 
aims at the happiness of all mankind, by reclaiming the inebriate, 
by reforming the moderate drinkers, and aiming to prevent, the 
rising generation from plunging into that terrible whirlpool. In- 
temperance. Has it done this? Is it accomplishing these glorious 
objects. Let facts speak for themselves. Gov. Briggs, of M 
at the Boston State House, said, "that in 81 towns 13,000 drun- 
kards in that state had been restored to sobriety through the efforts 
of Washing-tonkins/' Mr. Williams, the Temperance Agent for 
the same State, said "that 30,000 drunkards had been reformed, 
and the pauper tax, a few years ago, amounted to .$'200,000, eight- 
tenths of which was ascertained to be the result of ardent spirits." 
He also stated, that in the town of Worcester within three y. 
the number of inmates in the Poor House, had been reduced 
from 469 to 11, owing to the temperance reformation. Look at 
Ireland, 6,000,000 of her sons have signed the Pledge, and crime 
in Dublin, for the last six years, has been reduced from 12,000 
down to a few hundred in that city. But we need not go abroad 
for incontrovertible proof. See what Reformers have done in 
the West. I asked Bro. Porter, of Cincinnati, how many h.id 
signed the Pledge since he had been a Reformer. Said he, "I 
am afraid, Bro. you will not believe me, if I should tell you." I 
told him I would. Said he, "about 140,000 and 100,000 have, 
when I have held meetings alone." May God bless him, and 
send out other Porters. Yes, the evidences and the results are 
within our own knowledge. We have men who were once iu 
the gutter, but, now, they are temperate and in their right minus. 
They neglected their business and abused their families, but now, 
they are industrious, kind and affectionate husbands, and usefu ! 



THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE, 21 

citizens in society. Their families were naked and hungry, but 
now, they are clothed and fed. Their wives and children dreaded 
to have them come home, but now, they meet them joyfully at 
the gate. On the Sabbath, they were in the Doggery, but now, 
they are in the church of the Living God. What heart-cheering 
and glorious results. These are the effects of Benevolence. 
Many have devoted their time, and expended money for the Tem- 
perance cause. Some have travelled and lectured at their own 
expense, others have been supported by benevolent men. Here 
is a disposition manifested to do good. Do those that license and 
sell, manifest such a disposition? Are they aiming at the interest 
and happiness of mankind. Let the effects of their man-killing 
systems answer. Let the intelligent reader answer? When we 
behold the dreadful and alarming consequences of Intemperance, 
and when w r e see the cheering and happy results of the Tempe- 
rance cause, and when we take under consideration what has 
been done, and what can be done, provided we do oar duty, shall 
we remain idle? Shall we stand still, and say, that we are not 
our brother's keeper: responsible only for our own conduct, and 
not for his? When men often pursue a good or a bad course, 
governed by the influence and examples of others? Will gen- 
tlemen take their wine? will young men take their mint julips? 
influencing their friends, and leading them down the road to de- 
struction, when such a practice is sowing the seeds of Intem- 
perance, for no man ever became a drunkard at once. No per- 
son ought to say, "I have a strong mind, I know when to drink 
and when to let it alone, and I am not going to sign the Pledge, 
giving away my liberty, 7 ' when, some of the most talented have 
fallen, more firm, and intelligent, than many who are drinking 
moderately. If a man were in no danger; if he could drink, and 
drink, and not injure himself, and if it were possible, that a little 
benefitted him, it would then be his duty to give his name and 
influence to the cause, for, he might be a great blessing to the 
world. By so doing, he might prevent a friend or friends from 
gliding down into the whirlpool of destruction, from filling the 
drunkard's grave. If he should do his duty, he would feed the 
hungry, clothe the naked, and dry up the tears of woman, and 
all this would probably be done, by his reclaiming her intemper- 
ate husband. Could any thing more be done, provided he should 
sign the Pledge? Yes. He might save many from becoming 
drunkards, he might prevent many women and their children 
from becoming w r idow T s and orphans, perhaps, saving them frorn 
the Poor House -and Hospital, from suffering, starvation and 
death. 

By giving his influence to the Temperance cause, perhaps, he 



22 AND ITS EFFECTS. 

would save ten from intemperance, those ten might save 100, 
and the 100 might be the salvation of 1,000, and all this would 
be the effects of his first effort, in getting one man "to sign the 
Pledge." If he should neglect to do his duty, the 1,000 might 
be ruined, and they might be the means of ruining 1,000 more, 
and then, in that case, he would be partly accountable for the 
dreadful destruction of 2,000 men, besides, the misery and an- 
guish of their widows and orphans. Is it not a melancholy 
thought, to lie down and die, reflecting that some have died 
drunkards, and others probably will, in consequence of our bad 
example and influence. Would it not be piercing to the very 
soul to think, that, great anguish and suffering have been brought 
upon woman by our pernicious course, thereby, sending many 
poor orphans out into the world uneducated, to grope and strug- 
gle in the valley of poverty for a scanty subsistence, and de- 
priving society of many useful citizens, by our bad practice. See 
what the Rev, J. Spaulding, of New York, said on the deathless 
nature and extent of moral influence, lie said, "Away among 
the Alleghanies, there is a spring so small, that a single ox in a 
summers day could drain it dry. It steals its unobtrusive way 
among the hills, till it spreads out in the beautiful Ohio. Thence 
it stretches away a thousand miles, leaving on its banks more 
than a hundred villages and cities, and many thousand cultivated 
farms; and bearing on its bosom more than half a thousand 
steamboats. Then joining the Mississippi, it stretches away, and 
away, some 1,200 miles more, till it falls into the great emblem 
of eternity. It is one of the tributaries of that ocean, which, 
obedient only to God, shall roar and roar, till the angel with one 
foot on the sea, and the other on the land, shall lift up his hand 
to heaven and swear, that time shall be no longer. So with moral 
influence. It is a rill — a river — an ocean, boundless and fathom- 
less as eternity." 

Kind Reader, now look at another comparison. The large 
and beautiful Mississippi is made of rills, rivulets, brooks and 
rivers, running in a southerly direction, until it empties into the 
Gulf of Mexico. The man-destroying, and soul-killing stream, 
Intemperance, is made of rills, rivulets, brooks and rivers. The 
moderate drinkers are the rills and rivulets; the very intemper- 
ate and drunkards are the brooks and small rivers; and the man- 
ufacturers and retailers make the terrible, and withering stream, 
running through the country of life, until, it plunges into the great 
Gulf of Destruction. i\ow, get the moderate drinkers, intem- 
perate and drunkards, " to sign the Pledge," and you will dry up 
this fountain of destruction, and this will compel the retailers 
and manufacturers, to stop their hellish business. 



23 

Reader, — In this lecture are shown, some of the principles of 
Grammar, and some of the evils of intemperance. I earnest 
ly request you to examine it carefully and thoroughly, and 
if you have not a knowledge of the ornamental and profound 
science of Grammar, I hope that you will not think of remain- 
ing destitute of that knowledge, but that you will apply 
yourself, until you become a critical and philosophical gramma- 
rian. Grammar, at home, is a gratification; abroad, an ornament 
and an introduction; and an education cannot be completed, until 
a person shall understand the meaning of words, and the proper 
construction and arrangement of sentences. It teaches us to 
shun tautology, and to select those different parts of speech - 
which convey the meaning of the speaker or writer, in a concise 
and proper manner. Mr. Murray says, that, "English Gram* 
mar is the art of speaking and writing the English language with 
propriety;" teaching us to think accurately, by selecting proper 
rartieipies, Adjectives, Adverbs and other parts of speech, which 
have nearly, but not exactly the same meaning of others. 
Speaking and writing incorrectly, affect the minds and ears of 
literary persons, as much as jars and discords in Music. Trior 3, 
"who are themselves well taught, cannot take that pleasure in 
conversing with the ignorant, that they can with the educated, 
because, their minds and ears are affected, by hearing grammatical 
rules violated, which are based upon reason. Here, then, you 
have two excellent things united; grammar enforcing temper- 
ance; temperance and its opposite, illustrating grammar. Study 
well this chart, and you will both talk better, and walk better, 
in case you ever trip, or reel, now in your speech or your steps. 
Examine this chart, and the interest of the anecdotes will cause 
you to learn the grammatical principles with delight; while at 
the same time, language will become so associated with the 
great virtue of temperance, that you can never have that virtue 
out of your mind, until you cease writing, talking, and hearing 
others talk. Hang this chart up in your room, explain it to your 
children, look at it every morning, point it out to your visiters, 
and learn from it at once how to speak correctly, and how to 
act justly. The anecdotes published in this lecture, illustrating 
some of the evils of intemperance, are facts, and the events oc- 
curred in the places mentioned; but they illustrate only some of 
its evils. Who can tell all of them? Were they all published? 
— the world could not. contain the books that would be re- 
quired. 

L'idies, we w T ant your aid, we desire your help, we solicit 
your expensive influence. Although you do not take that active 
^jart in public life that man takes, and we do not hear your voices 



u 

in the halls of legislation, yet, we sincerely believe that you have a 
greater influence in the world than man. If the Ladies would 
give their influence to this cause, and if they would frown upon 
the delusive and intemperate habit of drinking temperately, (as 
some call it,) men would reform, they would change their course, 
and they would not be seen drinking intoxicating liquors. Be- 
hold the evils of intemperance! Many are confined in jails and 
penitentiaries, whose crimes were the effects of intemperance. 
The chaplain of the Auburn Penitentiary in the State of New 
York, made a report to the inspectors of that prison in 1843, 
and the following is an extract. There were 

430 there, who had been intemperate drinkers, 

222 moderate " 

200 weie there, whose crimes had been committed under the 
influence of intoxicating drinks. Hear the profane and blasphe- 
mous language. Observe the fights, quarrels, deaths and murders! 
Behold the poverty, misery, beggary, wretchedness and starva- 
tion! Hear the groans and sighs uttered! Take into view the 
fountains and oceans of tears shed; the orphans, widows and 
broken hearts made — which are the results of intemperance, and 
then ask yourselves, if you can withhold your influence from a 
cause which is calculated to reform man, and to save him from 
ruin. 

But let me in the first place, give you a ^hort sketch of the 
life, labors, names, and disguises of Alcohol, the Sorcerer. 

Sometime in the eighth century, the precise time is not 
known, Alcohol, the Sorcerer, was born. His parentage is 
rather obscure, and at this distance of time, the name of his 
father cannot be discovered. Though his immediate father is 
unknown, yet, there is good evidence of a near connexion be- 
tween him and Beelzebub, one of the ministers of Lucifer, the 
prince of the power of the air. The country which gave birth 
to Alcohol, was Arabia, but whether it was Arabia Deserta, or 
Arabia Felix, history does not inform us; most probably, how- 
ever, it was the former. Alcohol was a promising youth, and 
it was expected that he would prove a blessing to mankind, but 
it soon appeared, that he was of a very fiery and malicious dis- 
position, flattering only to deceive, and alluring to betray. There 
can be no doubt of Alcohol's being a real Sorcerer, for he is now 
several hundred years old, and instead of manifesting any of 
those infirmities which come with years, and much hard labor, 
he is stronger, and more vigorous than ever; besides this, he is 
too dexterous a thief, to be any thing less than a Sorcerer. It 
is not saying too much to aver, that, he has taken more money 
from the United States, than the entire sum paid for the adminis- 



H 



■HB 



5k 









x >b 




4 











*\ l_ 



. 



25 



tration of government; nay, so adroit is he, that he has stolen 
away many a man's brains, and it is very observable, when the 
Sorcerer has stolen away a man's brains, the man thinks himself 
wiser than before he lost them, and when he has filched away 
all of his money, he is richer by far, in his own estimation, than 
ever. In addition to these exploits, Alcohol, to effect his ends, 
assumes almost an infinite variety of names, dresses, complex- 
ions, and forms, and accommodates himself to every circum- 
stance, taste, disposition, and rank. If his intended victim be 
wealthy and fashionable, he appears in a rich suit of red and 
purple, then he is known as Mr. Brandy, he professes to be 
a physician of eminence, cures indigestion and loss of appetite, 
and promotes hospitality and fine feeling. If his intended victim 
be not so rich and fashionable, he assumes a different dress and 
name, and is called Mr. Whiskey. Sometimes he finds his way 
into company, as the renowned Mr. Gin, from Holland. On 
other occasions, he is introduced as a Mr. Rum, from the West 
Indies, a gentleman of large fortune, and first rate address. 
Where he finds caution and fear, the Sorcerer works himself 
into favor, by assuming the demeanor of a mild, sweet, and in- 
sinuating gentleman, perfectly inoffensive and agreeable; his 
name then, is Mr. Toddy. Of late years, however, he has sel- 
dom used this name, for most gentlemen, and ladies particularly, 
have manifested a good deal of distrust as to his usual charac- 
ter, therefore, as all rogues do, he has found it convenient and 
necessary, in order to deceive, to change his name, and he is 
now called Mr. Mint Julip, Mr. Cordial, Mr. Whiskey Punch, 
alias Mr. Beer, Porter, Cider, Wine and Perry, all, or any thing, 
according to the taste of those upon whom he has a design. 

I will now 7 notice in the second place, Alcohol's introduction 
into a beautiful town, and the misery caused by his becoming a 
resident. In passing through the United States, Alcohol came 
to a little place situated among the hills, called the village of 
Temperance; as flourishing, happy, and industrious a village, as 
ever the sun shone upon. No sooner did the Sorcerer behold it, 
than he determined to mar its beauty and to destroy its peace. 
To accomplish his purposes, he assumed one of his most specious 
disguises. His calls, at the village, w r ere at first not frequent, 
and he never intimated a desire to become a resident, By de- 
grees, he insinuated himself into the confidence of the leading 
men of the place. Some of the most pious persons in the village, 
seeing he w 7 as not that vagrant knave some had represented, 
opened unto him their doors, and introduced him to their fami- 
lies, always, however, with a w r ord of private caution, not to 
suffer him to use any familiarity. The parents said, "Children, 
3 



i: 



26 

you may drink a little; a little will do you good," not thinking 
that they were sowing the seeds of intemperance. By and by, 
the Parson, hearing from the members of his church, how peace- 
ably Alcohol demeaned himself, and having frequently in his 
pastoral visits met with him, invited him to an interview at his 
own house. Alcohol cheerfully accepted the invitation, and by 
degrees, the good man was so taken with the Sorcerer, that he 
could hardly think of spending a day without his company, and 
very frequently before, and after severe toil in the service of 
Immanuel, has been known to call for the Sorcerer to cheer 
his weakness, and to invigorate his powers. Indeed, the Sor- 
rerer has attended ecclesiastical meetings, and one clergyman 
has frequently introduced him to another, and extolled his vir- 
tues. By and by, a house was built for Alcohol in the village of 
Temperance, and one of the members of the church became his 
steward. Very soon after this, the inhabitants began to corn- 
lain of hard times, and the ruinous price of grain, flour and 
read. Fighting, gambling, swearing, Sabbath-breaking, and 
every named and nameless abomination began to prevail. The 
village of Temperance has been ruined, and its name lias been 
changed by public opinion, to that of Dissipation. It was known 
as the village of Temperance, county of Morality, and state of 
Reason, but now it is known as the village of Dissipation, 
county of Beelzebub, and State of Lucifer. The steward still 
continues in the service of Alcohol; he has become rich; and 
he says, that if he should not sell ardent spirits, another 
would, and he believes, that he is justifiable in so doing. 
Although many fortunes were squandered, many families 
ruined, and many widows and orphans were made, in conse- 
quence of Alcohol's becoming a resident in the village of Tem- 
perance; yet, I wish to notice in the third place, in a particular 
manner, what became of one person, a very wealthy, ami- 
able, and influential gentleman, Mr. B., who resided in that town. 
I shall endeavor to show, by Grammar, what he was once, and 
what he is now, and in order to do this, I must use that part of 
speech in Grammar, which we call the Adjective. Some writers 
call it the adnonn* Mr. Webster calls it the attribute of the noun. 
Nearly all of the modern writers call it the Adjective, a word 
that expresses the quality and describes the noun; as, an elegant 
mansion, a beautiful house, an intelligent man, an amiable lady. 

And now, before I go on with Mr. B's history, let me tell you 
an anecdote illustrative of the Sorcerer's power, and also illus- 
trative of this part of speech, the Adjective, to which I have 
palled your attention. 



27 

A 

Whilst Judge Scates, one of the circuit Judges of Illinois, was 
holding a court in Salem, Marion county, he delivered an eel- 
dress on Temperance. He said that a man was tried for murder 
in another county on his circuit, and the following are the par- 
ticulars. There was a gathering of the people, and this man 
became intoxicated and very quarrelsome. The constable was 
requested to make him keep the peace. He succeeded in quiet- 
ing him for a short time, but he soon became more quarreho?n^ 
and the officer deemed it proper to take away his gun, fearing 
that some serious accident might occur. He mildly asked him 
for it, and having taken it, the constable refused to return 
it. This refusal enraged him, and he ran towards the constable. 
His son seeing his father holding a large knife, stepped between 
him and the officer, to prevent the shedding of blood. The in- 
temperate man struck at the constable, and in so doing, he stabbed 
his own son, so that he died in a few minutes. When reason 
had resumed her throne, the father mourned and wept, to think 
that he had killed his affectionate son. The day of trial arrived, 
his family and neighbors were there, a great interest was mani- 
fested, and the people generally desired to have him acquitted. 
After the trial, the jury returned with their verdict, and the 
prisoner came in weeping and trembling, to learn the result. 
Whether he had been acquitted, and would have his liberty, and 
would be permitted to live with his family; or whether he had 
been found guilty of murdering his son, and would be hung in a 
few days, and his spirit would have to appear before Almighty 
God, to give an account for what he had done here, were reflec- 
tions which deeply affected him. The foreman of the jury, read 
the verdict as follows: — We, the jury, find the prisoner not 
guilty of the crime of murder. His mourning was instantaneous- 
ly turned into rejoicing, and he was so much excited, that it 
produced much confusion in the Court House. He went to 
Judge S., took him by the hand, and solemnly vowed that he 
would not drink another dram. Judge S. said, that he had since 
learned, that notwithstanding this man had killed his own son, 
and had passed through such affecting scenes in prison, and a: 
the trial, and had made such solemn vows, that he had com- 



menced drinking o^ain. 

He was once mild and peaceable; 
But now, he is noisy and quarrel- 
some. 



He was once wealthy and inde- 

pendent. 
But now, he is poor and dependent. 



What a chemge: from a state of independence and compcten- 



28 



cy to that of poverty, dependence and suffering, — from pleasure 
and happiness, to that of wretchednesss and misery. 

He was tall and elegant; 



But now he is a huge, bloated, 
loathsome creature. 

He was frank, sincere and honora- 
ble; 

But now, he is base, insincere and 
dishonorable. 

He was a robust and a healthy 
man; 

But now, he is sicklyand unhealthy. 



He was kind and obliging; 

But now, he is unkind and disoblig- 
ing. 

He was moral, affectionate and 
merciful ; 

But now, immoral, hard hearted 
and unmerciful. 

He was grateful and respectable; 

But now, he is ungrateful and des- 

±. picable. 

Having shown what Mr. B. was once, and what he is now, by 
the use of the Adjective, I will now endeavor to show in the 
fourth place, by grammar, in what manner lie was once received, 
and how he is received at this time. How he treated his family 
once, and how he treats them now. IIovv he acted once, and 
how he acts now. I shall do this, by the use of that part of speech, 
which we call the Adverb. Mr. Webster calls it the modifier. 
An Adverb is a part of speech, used to modify the sense of aVerb, 
Participle, Adjective, and another Adverb. It modifies these four 
parts of speech, but it modifies the Verb oftener than any other, 
and it sometimes expresses the manner of the action; as, the 
birds fly swiftly, the clouds move slowly, the waters run rapidly. 

He acted prudently, consistently, 
openly and frankly; 

But now, he acts imprudently, in- 
consistently, and deceitfully. 

His talents and virtues were high- 



He was hcice elected ; 

But lately, he has been twice de- 
feated. 

He was enthusiastically cheered ; 

But to-day, he has been often 
hissed. 

His hand was warmly clasped, 

; and affectionately shaken ; 

But now, it is frequently refused 



and coldly taken. 



ly extolled ; 
But now, they are seldom mention- 
ed, and nearly destroyed. 



B 



Perhaps, his pious wife is praying in her closet for her husbanu, 
and she hears him cursing and swearing. His blasphemous 
words pierce to the very bottom of her soul. The tears start 
again from her eyes, they roll down her cheeks, her bosom 
heaves, and she exclaims, Oh! Lord, have mercy on my profane 
and intemperate husband. 

His words were reverently and 



respectfully spoken ; 
But now, they are irreverently and 
blasphemously uttered. 



His course was generally appro- 
bated; 

But now, it is universally con- 
demned. " * 



29 



His riches were fast increasing ; 

But noiv, they are rapidly dimin- 
ishing. 

He went daily and hourly to his 
store ; 

But now j he goes daily and hourly 
for his dram. 

His company was eagerly sought ; 

But now, it is generally shunned. 



His children were affectionately 
admonished ; 

But now, they are shamefully 
"beaten. 

His wife was kindly and affection- 
ately treated ; 

But now, she is cruelly and unmer- 
cifully whipped. 



I will now inform the reader, in the fifth place, by using the 
Participle, another part of speech in Grammar, what he was 
doing once, and what he is doing now. The Participle is a de- 
rivative word, derived from the Verb, and it partakes of the na- 
ture of the Verb, and also of an Adjective. Verbs have three 
Participles, the Present, Perfect, and the Compound perfect. 
The Present Participle always ends in ing; as, running, walking, 
going. One kind of Present Participle has one property of the 
Verb, and that property is action. I will give a few examples 
of this, and the reader will observe that the participles are 
printed in italics. 



Mr. B. was going to his store ; 
But now, he is going to the coffee 
house. 



He was attending to his business ; 
But now, wandering about, and 
contriving how he shall get Al- 



cohol. 



He was walking into his store ; 



c 



But row, he is walking into the 
g ro eery. 



The citizens of the beautiful and flourishing town of New 
Lisbon, Columbiana County, Ohio, selected a day for hunting 
foxes, in 1843. An individual, in the morning before going a 
hunting, went into a grocery to purchase liquor, and then started 
for the woods. He in the course of the day, became intoxica- 
ted, and at night he was unable to return home. His son, being 
with him, and finding that he could not get his father to go, left 
him, and went home, expecting that his lather would soon come. 
During the night he was frozen to death, drunk, and the next 
morning he was carried into a grocery in New Lisbon. On that 
day, the people who sold liquors, rolled their barrels and casks 
into the streets, and they poured the contents of the same on the 
ground. On the coffin at the grave, 70 signed the Pledge, and a 
contribution was then taken in behaif of the poor disconsolate 
widow, and the man w 7 ho sold the liquor the day before, con- 
tributed fifty dollars. 
3* 



80 



That man was walking into his 

store ; 
But now, he is lying in the grave. 



He was laboring every day; 
But now, he is mouldering in the 
dust. 



These Participles have only one property of the Verb, and 
that property is action, but the following Participles have two 
properties of the Verb, the property of action, and the property 
of government. 



He was selling goods for cash ; 

But now, he is selling his reputa- 
tion for Alcohol. 

He was giving or exchanging 
goods for cash or produce ; 

But now, he is giving and ex- 
changing his character for rum. 

He was accumulating property; 

But now, he is losing money. 



He was buying and receiving 
goods : 

But now, he is buying and receiv- 
ing poison. 

He was supporting and educating 
his family; 

But now, he is beating, beggaring 
and abandojiing them. 



D 

Mr. , a merchant, for whom I once labored as a clerk, was 

in the habit of gambling and drinking. On one night I was 
aroused from sleep by loud talking, cursing and swearing. I 

learned by the conversation, that my employer, Mr. , had 

lost money by gambling with a merchant who traded on the op- 
posite side of the street. He had come into the store to receive 
what he had won from my employer. I was afraid that one or 
both would lose their lives, for they swore terribly, and threat- 
ened to kill each other. A few r days after this, Mr. , hav- 
ing about $7000, started for the city of New York, to purchase 
goods. He stopped at a village about twenty miles from home, 
and commenced drinking and gambling. The next morning he 
was found dead, and his friends could not find a dollar by him. 



That man was accumulating 

property; 
But lately, he has been losing 

money. 



He was giving cash for merchan- 
dize; 

Now, he is giving his account to 
Almighty God. 



I now purpose to exhibit in the sixth place, by the Perfect 
and Compound Participles, some more of the evils of Intemper- 
ance, brought on this man and his family. The Perfect Partici- 
ple is derived from the Verb, and it denotes an action perfected 
and finished. Some Perfect Participles resemble Verbs, and 
they may be known from Verbs, by their not having nominatives, 
and by placing the word being before them. The reader is in- 






5 



^ 



5. 




t 






31 



formed, that the Perfect Participles are printed with italic letters* 
Drunk with liquor, Mr. B. omitted his business. Shunned and 
abandoned by his former friends, he associated with intemperate 
men and with drunkards. Nearly ruined by drinking, he be- 
came an outcast from society. The present and the Perfect 
Participles united or joined together, make a compound Partici- 
ple. This part of speech denotes an action performed in the 
rluperfect tense. Having neglected his business, his crops were 
destroyed. Having spent and squandered his property, he be- 
came poor. Having been cheated when intoxicated, he became 
revengeful. Having lost his money by gambling, he killed a 
man. 

That endearing and affectionate name, Mother, was undoubt- 
edly mentioned by the children, more than a thousand times in the 
course of a few years, during their residence in the village of 
Dissipation, asking for things which their mother could not give, 
in consequence of'intemperance. I now refer to that time, when 
Mr. B. had become a poor drunken man, who had ruined and 
prostrated his character, grieved and wounded the feelings of 
friends, who had wasted and squandered a property, left by an 
affectionate relative, or obtained through his own industry; and 
who had starved, abused, and abandoned an affectionate family. 
The noun Mother, in the following examples, is in the second per- 
son, singular number, and in the nominative case, independent, 
because, there is a direct address made. 

Mother, what made the sheriff sell our house, store, goods, cat- 
tle, horses, carriages, and furniture? Mother*, the teacher wants 
the money for my tuition. Mother, what makes you cry and 
V7eep so much, will Pa beat and whip you again when he comes? 

Many more affecting examples might be given, by using tau- 
tology. 

Ej 

. I will now give an example of a Noun placed before a Parti- 
ciple, and being independent of the rest of the sentence. 

Mr. B. having lost his property, having abused, starved and 
abandoned an affectionate family, his wife was sent to the poor- 
house. Sometimes a part of a sentence is in the nominative 
case to the Verb, or the object of an Active Transitive Verb, as, 
To reflect what has become of Mr. B. and his family, and to see 
intemperance ruining thousands of families, should induce every 
man and woman to sign the "Pledge." 

The words, that are in italics, coming before the verb should 
induce, are in the nominative case to it. 

Relative Pronouns are such as relate in general to some word 
or phrase, going before, which is thence called the antecedent. 



32 



They are known by the list, viz: who, whose, whom, which, 
what, that and as. This list is not put down in this form, in 
any of the Grammars. I will now proceed to dwell upon these 
words separately, and parse them according to the rules of 
Grammar. 



The citizens of a town in Pennsylvania, met according to the 
statute, to determine how many licenses they would petition the 
County Court for, the ensuing year. There was a very full at- 
tendance; and there were seated among others the clergyman of 
the village, the deacon, and the physician. A resolution was 
before the meeting, mentioning the number they desired to have 
granted, and no opposition was manifested. The Chairman said, 
Gentlemen, are you ready for the question? Many said, question, 
question. At that instant, a low feeble voice was distinctly 
heard, and all eyes were immediately turned to see from whence 
it came. It was the voice of a woman, in a remote corner of 
the house. She was an old woman, whose countenance was 
the painful index of no light suffering, and yet, there was some- 
thing in the movement oi her bright eye, which told that she had 
been, what she was not at that time. She addressed the chair- 
man, and said, with his permission, she desired to say a few 
words, 4, You all know who 1 am. You are well aware, that I 
was the mistress of one of the best estates in this borough; but 
I am now a poor disconsolate widow, and my home is in yonder 
poor-house. My husband and five sons were once temperate, 
no woman had a kinder husband, and no mother had more affec- 
tionate sons, but where arc they now. Doctor, I ask you where 
are they? — in yonder grave yard, (pointing,) and they fill six 
drunkards' graves. Doctor, what made them drunkards? You 
came and drank with them, you told them that temperate drink- 
ing would do them good; and you now occupy that elegant 
mansion which we once owned. You, too, sir, (addressing the 
Clergyman,) came and drank with my husband, — my sons 
thought they might drink with safety, because they saw you 
drink. Deacon, you sold my husband and sons rum, that made 
them drunkards, and you now own that beautiful farm in the coun- 
try, which you obtained by selling them drams. I have now done 
my errand, I have performed my duty, and I shall go back to the 
poor-house, for that is my home. Rev. Sir, Doctor, Deacon, I 
shall never see you again, until I meet you at the bar of Al- 
mighty God. You must meet me there, and that ruined and 
lost husband, and those five sons, who, through your influence 
and solicitude, fill the graves of six drunkards.' 5 The old wo- 



33 

runn sat down, and perfect silence prevailed, until broken by the 
President, who rose to put the question to the meeting, Shall we 
petition the court to issue licenses for this borough the ensuing 
year? One unbroken NO, was uttered, that made the very walls 
re-echo with the sound, which told the result of the old woman's 
appeal. 

The woman who lives in the Poor-House, appeared and spoke 
at the meeting. The word who, is a Relative Pronoun, feminine 
gender, third person, singular number, because the antecedent, 
woman, is with which it agrees. Rule. — Relative Pronouns 
agree with their antecedents in gender, person, and number, and 
it is in the nominative case to the Verb lives. Rule. — The rel- 
ative is the nominative case to the verb, when no nominative 
comes between it and the verb. Mr. B., whose property has 
been sold in consequence of intemperance, w r as once respected. 
The word whose, in this example, is a relative pronoun, mascu- 
line gender, third person, singular number, because the antece- 
dent, Mr. B. is, with which it agrees. Rule. — Relative Pro- 
nouns agree with their antecedents in gender, person and num- 
ber; and it is in the possessive case, and governed by the noun 
property. Rule. — A noun or pronoun, in the possessive case, 
is governed by the noun it possesses. Mr. B. whom Alcohol 
ruined, was wealthy, influential and amiable. Whom, in this 
sentence, is a relative pronoun, masculine gender, third person, 
singular number, because the antecedent is, with which it agrees. 
Rule. — Relative Pronouns agree with their antecedents in gen- 
der, person, and number, and the relative whom is in the objective 
case, and governed by the verb ruined. Rule. — When a nomi- 
native comes between the relative and the Verb, the relative is 
governed by the following Verb, or by some other w r ord in its 
number of the sentence. In this example, there is a nominative 
that comes between the relative and the Verb, and that nomina- 
tive is Alcohol, consequently, the relative is governed by the 
following verb. In the following sentences, who, whose, and 
whom, are relative pronouns of the interrogative kind, and when 
there are answers to the questions, we give gender, person, num- 
ber and case to them, and apply the rules, as, Whom did Alcohol 
ruin? — Mr. B? Whom, is a relative pronoun of the interrogative 
kind, because it is used in asking questions. It refers to Mr. B. 
for its subsequent. Rule* — When the relative pronoun is of the 
interrogative kind, it refers to the word or phrase containing the 
answer to the question for its subsequent, which subsequent 
must agree in case with the interrogative, masculine gender, third 
person, singular number, because the subsequent is with which 
it agrees. Rule. — When the relative pronoun is of the inter- 



34 

rogative kind, it generally agrees with the subsequent in gender, 
person and number. Whom is in the objective case, and gov- 
erned by the verb did ruin. Rule. — When a nominative comes 
between the relative and the verb, the relative is governed by 
the following verb, or by some other word in its own number 
of the sentence, Who was amiable? Whose family was a- 
bused? Whom did the people honor? We do not give gender, 
number and person to these relatives, because there are no an- 
swers to the questions, but we give them a case, and apply the 
rule. 

Whoever reads this lecture should understand it. Analyzed, 
it reads, he or she should understand this lecture who reads it. 
Whoever^ whosoever^ and whomsoever, are compound pronouns. 
Which is next in order. Which book do you prefer? In this 
sentence, which is an interrogative adjective, and it belongs to 
the noun book. The word which, in the following sentence, is a 
relative pronoun; as, the liquors which men sell, cause many 
quarrels, paupers, murders, and ten thousand other evils. Which, 
in this example, is a relative pronoun, neuter gender, third per- 
son, plural number, because the antecedent liquors is with which 
it agrees. Rule, — Relative pronouns agree with their antece- 
dents in gender, person and number, the relative is in the 
objective case, and governed by sell. Rule. — When a nomina- 
tive corncs between, <Scc, &c. What is five parts of speech, 
and this word is the most intricate and complex part of speech 
of any other. In this last sentence what is a noun, and in the nomi- 
native case to the verb is. What did the lady say to the gentle- 
man? This gentleman was in the habit of visiting this lady, and 
he intended to make the proposition of marrying, which she an- 
ticipated. She was a member of the Washingtonian Society, but 
he was not. She had frequently talked to, and reasoned with 
him about his becoming a member, observing, that some of the 
most talented and respectable men had fallen victims to intem- 
perance, and that the only safe and sure way was not to touch 
the poison, (as she called.) He, (being a temperate man,) said, 
that it was difficult sometimes to refrain when in company, and 
that wine and mint julips were harmless, creating hospitality and 
fine feelings. She concluded to make one more effort to influ- 
ence him to become a member. What did the lady say to the 
gentleman? She observed in a mild, winning and respectful 
manner, that she respected him, and had spent many hours 
agreeably with him, and that she regretted the thought of losing 
his interesting company, yet, she had detei^mined not to marry a 
man who would drink, and would refuse to become a member of the 
Society* (The reader is informed that this gentleman went inv 






35 

mediately and signed the Pledge.) This occurred in Cincin«< 
nati. What, in this example, is a relative pronoun of the inter- 
rogative kind, because it is used in asking questions, and it refers 
to the phrase containing the answer to the question for its subse- 
quent, viz. She had determined not, fyc. fyc, which subsequent 
must agree in case with the interrogative. What is in the ob- 
jective case, and governed by the verb did say. Rule. — When 
a nominative comes between the relative and the verb, the rela- 
tive is governed by the following verb, or, by some other word in 
its own number of the sentence. 

Mr. B. drank what men sold him. In this sentence what is a 
compound relative pronoun, because it can be changed into that, 
which, or the thing which; both parts are in the objective case. An- 
alyzed, it reads that which, or the thing which men sold him. That, 
the antecedent part of what, is a pronominal adjective, parsed as 
a noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number, and in the 
objective case, and governed by the verb drank. Rule. — Ac- 
tive transitive verbs govern the objective case. Which, the rela- 
tive part, is a relative pronoun, neuter gender, third person, sin- 
gular number, and it agrees with that, its antecedent. Rule. — 
Relative pronouns agree with their antecedents in gender, person 
and number. Which is in the objective case, and governed by 
the verb sold. Rule. — When a nominative case comes between 
the relative and the verb, then the relative is governed by the 
following verb, or by some other word in its own number of the 
sentence. In the following sentence, ivhat is a compound rela- 
tive, and one part is in the objective case, and the other is in the 
nominative. Men seWwhat produces more than ten thousand evils. 
Analyzed, it reads, men sell that which produces, &c. That, the 
antecedent part of what, is a pronominal adjective, parsed as a 
noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number, objective 
case, and governed by the verb sell. Rule. — x\ctive transitive 
verbs, &c. &c. Which, the relative part, is a relative pronoun, 
neuter gender, third person, singular number, because the ante- 
cedent that, is with which it agrees. Rule.— Relative pronouns 
agree with their antecedents in gender, person and number, 
which is in the nominative case to the verb produces* Rule. — 
The relative is the nominative case to the verb, when no nomi- 
native comes between it and the verb. What ruined Mr. B. 
was Alcohol; that was Alcohol which ruined Mr. B. In this ex- 
ample both parts are in the nominative case. The antecedent 
that is in the nominative case to the verb was, lolSich, the rela- 
tive part, relates to that, its antecedent, with which it agrees in 
gender, person and number. Rule. — Relative pronouns agree 
with their antecedents, &c, &c. &ic. Which is in the nomina- 



36 

live case to the verb ruined. Rule. — The relative is the nomi- 
native case to the verb, when no nominative comes between it 
and the verb. la the following sentence, what is an interjection. 

What! shall we behold Alcohol, the sorcerer, stealing men's 
brains; filching from them their money, ruining families, and 
breaking the heart of woman, without our throwing our influence 
in favor of the cause of temperance? Governor Briggs, of Mass., 
at the Boston State House said, that in 81 towns in that State, 
13,000 drunkards had ^een restored to sobriety by the efforts of 
the Washingtonians. What man will refuse his influence? 

What, in this last example, is an interrogative adjective, and be- 
longs to the noun man. The word that, is next in order. It is 
three parts of speech in different sentences. Reader, beware 
that you shun the road that leads to intemperance. The first that, 
in this sentence, is a conjunction. In the following it is a pro- 
nominal adjective, and it belongs to the noun; as, that man will 
probably be a drunkard, unless he stops drinking* He that drinks 
ardent spirits should reflect, how rapidly his health is declining, 
how fast his riches are diminishing, and how often his wife sighs 
and weeps, because of his intemperance. That is a relative pro- 
noun, masculine gender, third person, singular number, because 
its antecedent he is with which it agrees. Rule. — Relative pro- 
nouns agree with their antecedents, 8z,c.,8z,c.,that is in the nomina- 
tive case to the verb drinks, and governs it. Rule. — The rela- 
tive is the nominative case to the verb, when no nominative comes 
between it and the verb. When who or which can be used as a 
substitute, then that is a relative pronoun. I will now proceed 
to dwell upon as. It is three parts of speech, an adverb, a con- 
junction, and a relative pronoun. The United States, as justly 
as Great Britain, can boast of her civil and literary institutions. 
As, which comes before justly, is an adverb, and it qualifies just- 
ly. As, which comes after justly, is a conjunction. Let such 
as presume to drink ardent spirits, take heed or they will be drunk- 
ards. As, in this last example, is a relative pronoun, and it re- 
lates to persons understood, masculine and feminine gender, third 
person, plural number, because its antecedent is with which it 
agrees. Rule. — Relative pronouns agree with their antecedents 
in gender, person and number, as is in the nominative case to the 
verb presume. Rule. — The relative is the nominative case to 
the verb, when no nominative comes between it and the verb. 
As is generally a relative pronoun, after the words such, man, 
and same. 

MODES AND TENSES. 
MODE is a particular form of the verb, showing the manntr 
in which action, passion, or being is represented. Verbs havo 



Subjunclive<Modt Zxjilanation / 



tt 










:\V ■r^-'-" ;* r Wi .♦•--. -rf ' 



1 

n 

I 








3 



Jiy / T\ese7tt Tense 
t 3 Perfect 
„ J" First future . 



IS g 2' Irnji e rfect Tense 

. *h Tlujttrftet 
Second Future 



Indicative Mode, .Explanation /^ 













is 






■ 



m 




* . :-i-i 



k ' 



1 



:~-z~~ 





4 . 


%i 






Hli (■■ 




* i* 



k^ 





JFiq / 'Present Tense 
,3 Terfecir 
„ S Ti rs t future, 



Tiff 2< Imperfect Tens& 
fr ' Pluperfect 
tf St/cottdTuture 



37 

five Modes. The Indicative simply indicates or declares a 
thing; as, I drink, or it asks a question, does he lorite? Who wrote 
that? 

EXPLANATION 1st: 

This Diagram is divided into six Squares, to represent the six 
Tenses, of the Indicative Mode. THE 1st SQUARE represents 
the Present Tense; as, I drink, and it represents a man drinking 
in the square. This square is light, because the present tense of 
a verb is easily known. The present Tense expresses what now 
exists, and is now taking place. The 2nd SQUARE represents 
the Imperfect Tense. The Imperfect Tznse expresses what took 
place within some period fully past; as, I drank. A man in this 
square is represented, sitting with his arms folded. This 
square is dark. The 3d SQUARE represents the Perfect 
Tense. The Perfect tense expresses what has taken place, 
conveying an allusion to the present; as, I have drunk. This 
is not as dark as the 2d, but darker than the 1st, because a 
man is represented as having drunk a few minutes before the pre- 
sent tense, the action having been, performed between the pre- 
sent and imperfect tenses. The 4th SQUARE represents the 
Pluperfect Tense. The Pluperfect Tense expresses what had ta- 
ken place before another past action mentioned; as, I had drunk 
before you came. This square is very dark, because the action 
had been performed before the action performed in the Imperioc: 
Tense, consequently, it is the darkest of ail, and darker than the 
2d square. A man, in this fourth square, is represented as talk- 
ing to another, informing him that he had drunk before he cams. 
The action of drinking had been performed before the action oi 
coming. The 5th SQUARE represents the First Future Tense. 
The first Future Tense expresses what will take place hereaf- 
ter; as, 1 shall or will drink. Half of this square is light, and the 
other half is dark, because an action is sometimes performed in a 
short time after the present, and other actions will be performed 
in a year, or in the course of time. In this 5th square, a man is 
represented as having the bottle and glass, nearly ready to drink. 
The 6th SQUARE represents the Second Future Tense, The 
Second Future Tense expresses what will have taken place, be* 
tore some future time mentioned before; as, I shall or will have 
rfnink, before you come tomorrow, Two-thirds of this square 
is light, and the other is dark, because the action of the Second 
Future Tense, is performed before the action of the First Future. 
]n this square & man is represented as informing another, that he 
shall have drunk before he comes 1 to-morrow, 

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MODE represents a thing under a 
condition, motion, wish, or supposition, &c, preceded by a cou- 



38 

junction, expressed or understood, and attended by another verb, 
as, if I sign this pledge, can I keep it? 

explanation 2nd: 
This Diagram is divided into six Squares, to represent the six 
Tenses of the Subjunctive Mode. The names of the six Tenses 
are the same as those of the Indicative Mode, viz: the Present, 
the Imperfect, the Perfect, the Pluperfect, the First Future Tense, 
and the Second. The definition of the Tenses and the arrange- 
ment of the Squares, are the same as those of the Indicative 
Mode. See the description of the Squares of the Indicative 
Mode, and you will discover that the form and coloring of the 
Squares representing the Tenses of the Indicative, and of the 
Subjunctive Modes are alike. In the 1st SQUARE of the Sub- 
junctive Mode, a man is about signing the Pledge; as, if I sign 
this Pledge, can I keep it? In the 2d Square a man is represent- 
ed as thinking about the motive that induced him to sign it; as, 
if I signed it, I did it to save myself from ruin. 3d SQUARE* 
If I have signed it I did it with a view to benefit myself and 
family. 4th SQUARE. In this Square, one man is talking to 
another, and saying, if I had signed it before, it would have saved 
my property. I might have been a useful and respectable citizen. 
It would have prevented the tears flowing from the eyes of my 
affectionate wife. Her heart would not have been broken. My 
children might have been educated. They would have been re- 
spected. If I had signed it before. 5th SQUARE. In this 
square, a man is represented as reflecting as follows: — If I shall 
sign this Pledge, that intemperate friend of mine will do the same. 
6th SQUARE. In this square, a man is represented as talking 
to another as follows; as, if I shall have signed this Pledge be- 
fore you return to-morrow, my wife will greatly rejoice. 

EXPLANATION 3d. 

THE IMPERATIVE MODE is used for commanding, ex- 
horting, entreating, or permitting; as, depart thou, remember my 
admonitions, tarry a while longer, let us stay, go in peace. This 
drawing not only represents the Imperative Mode, but it also il- 
lustrates the reformation of a reformed drunkard; as, Wife, take 
this dress for yourself, and these clothes for the children. The 
draymen will soon come with provisions. I have purchased 
them by my industry, during the past week, and thank the Lord 
that I have' been able to keep the Pledge, 

This reformation and this act occurred in the city of Baltimore. 
Reader, the verb take is in the Imperative Mode, Present Tense, 
second person, singular number, because its nominative thou or 
you, is with which it agrees. Look at the drawing under Expla- 
nation 3d, and see how rejoiced his w ife and children are, reflect- 



39 

ing that her husband and their father has kept the Pledge during 
the week, and that he has come home a sober man, with clothes 
and provisions, they being in want of food and raiment; nearly 
destitute of the necessaries of life. 

explanation 4th: 
THE POTENTIAL MODE implies possibility, necessity, 
jberty, power, will or obligation; as, it may rain, we must eat 
and drink, he may go or stay, I can ride, he would walk, they 
should learn. This Diagram is divided into four Squares, repre- 
senting the four Tenses of the Potential Mode, viz: the Present, 
the Imperfect, the Perfect, and the Pluperfect Tense. The 1st 
Square represents the Present Tense, and in it a man is repre- 
sented as speaking to another, trying to get him to sign the 
Pledge; as, I must present this Pledge to you; I may induce you 
to sign it; I can assure you, you will never regret it. The Pre- 
sent Tense expresses what now 7 exists, or now takes place. The 
2d Square represents the Imperfect Tense. The Imperfect 
Tense expresses what took place w r ithin some period fully past. 
In this Square a man is represented as speaking to the ether who 
has the Pledge; as, yod might or could offer it without any of- 
fence. The 3d Square illustrates the Perfect Tense. The Per- 
fect Tense expresses what has taken place, conveying an allusion 
to the present. In this Square, a man is represented as saying 
to the one who has the Pledge, you may have offered it to some 
other person, but you have not to me before now. The 4th 
Square illustrates the Pluperfect Tense. The Pluperfect Tense 
expresses what had taken place before another past action men- 
tioned. In this Square, the man w T ho has the Pledge speaks to the 
other as follows: I might, could, would or should have offered it, 
before that meeting was held. See the explanation of the first four 
Squares of the Indicative Mode, 

EXPLANATION 5th: 

THE INFINITIVE MODE expresses action, passion, or be- 
ing, in a general and unlimited manner, having no nominative, 
consequently, neither person, nor number; as, to sign, to write. 
This Diagram is divided into two Squares, to represent the two 
Tenses ot the Indicative Mode, viz: the Present and the Perfect; 
as to sign, to have written. 

NO. 1. 

This drawing represents Mr. B., a gentleman of wealth, his 
wife, and a room furnished with beautiful furniture. He is a 
moderate drinker, drinking about three times a day, before eating, 
to create an appetite, and to produce hospitality and fine feelings. 
It also illustrates the possessive case; as, the gentleman's proper- 
ty. The possessive case denotes ownership. 



40 

NO. 2. 

Represents Mr. B. drinking in a coffee house with others. He 
is beginning to descend the road to Intemperance, and neglecting 
his business. It illustrates the nominative, case. The nomina- 
tive case is the actor or subject of the verb, and it sometimes 
does something; as, Mr. B. drinks. 

NO. 3. 

It appears by this drawing, that years have passed, and that 
Mr. B. appears dejected, having lost some of his property by in- 
temperance. It also illustrates the neuter verb; as, the table 
stands on the floor. 

NO. 4. 

This drawing represents that Mr. B., who was once wealthy, 
1ms become a very intemperate man, and that he is now compelled 
to use jugs instead of decanters. His wife appears dejected, and 
very melancholy. She undoubtedly is thinking about the riches, 
and the flattering prospects they once had, the happiness they 
once enjoyed, and contrasting her present situation with the one 
when she was first married. She glances at the future, and be- 
holds want, misery, starvation, and beggary approaching, and it 
is altogether probable that some of these have been realized by 
this dejected woman. This drawing represents the active tran- 
sitive verb; as, Mr. B. drinks whiskev. 

NO. 5. 

This drawing represents, that Mr. B. in consequence of his in- 
temperance, has become a poor drunken man, and that he is abu- 
sing and endeavoring to beat his family; trying to drive them out 
of the house. He is falling, his wife is weeping, and his children 
are looking, and trembling at the conduct of a cruel and intem- 
perate father. The chairs, and the poor old furniture are indica- 
tive of poverty and suffering. Reader, now look at the drawing 
No. 1st, and see what intemperance has done. Mr. B. would 
not have been a drunkard, would not have lost his property, and 
would not abuse an affectionate family, if he had signed the pledge 
when he was first married, and if he had kept it as a man of hon- 
or. No. 5 also illustrates the objective case. The objective 
case is the object of an action, or of a relation, and it sometimes 
has something done to it; as, Alcohol throws Mr. B. It like- 
wise exhibits the Imperative Mode; as, leave my house immedi- 
ately. 

NO. 6. 

Represents, that the people are holding a Temperance meeting, 
and that Mr. B. is now signing the Pledge. He has been induced 
to do so, by the solicitations of his friends, and in consequence 
of the earnest entreaties of an affectionate wife, reflecting, that> 



41 

as others have been reformed, and have been restored to sobrie- 
ty, and usefulness by signing the pledge, there is a prospect that 
he can save himself from ruin, by putting his name on the paper 
and by not breaking the Pledge. 

NO. 7: 
Represents that Mr. B., the reformed drunkard r is well and 
comfortably clothed, an affectionate father teaching his children 
how to read the Bible. Many have been made useful and re- 
spectable citizens, kind and affectionate husbands, through the ef- 
forts of Washingtonians. Friends have been made to rejoice; 
w r ives and children, who were suffering for want of the necessa- 
ries of live, have been made comfortable, the tears of woman have 
been dried, her soul has been made to rejoice, the church of the 
true and living God has had an addition of many pious and use- 
ful members, through the influence of the Temperance cause. 
How can persons withhold their aid from such a cause, knowing 
it has accomplished so much? 



From the Western Washingtonian, of Cincinnati, ' 
A CALCULATION. 

There are in Cincinnati, of liquor dealers, their families, clerks, 
&c, — those who get their whole living out of this traffic — about 
25,000 persons. They do not live on an average of less than 
one dollar and a half each, per week, reckoning food, clothing 
and contingencies. This makes the expense of supporting this 
class of drones and vampires on society, a trifle less than two 
millions of dollars annually; which is certainly no small drain 
upon the industry and resources of our citizens. But this is not 
all. The expenses of prisons, penitentiaries, pauper-houses, and 
courts of justice, resulting directly or indirectly from the busi- 
ness, have yet to be added, which will increase the above sum 
over half a million of dollars. If to this we add the loss of debts 
by insolvencies, and the wanton or careless destruction of pro- 
perty, which may be justly attributed- to dram-drinking habits, 
another half million will be a low estimate, making the round 
number of three millions of dollars. 

In a business view of the case it is proper to offset against the 
above, the amount derived from the sale of indulgences, alias, the 
license system. Say 4000 grdggeries at $20 each — $80,000— 
a sum rather insignificant to weigh against three millions* 

Is not this subject befitting the attention of those who legislate 
for the general good ? 

4* 



42 



SIX PRESIDENTS ON TEKPERANCE 

Albany, Feb. 1, 1845. 
Messrs Editors: — Being in Virginia during the life of Presi- 
dent Madison, and while the friends of Temperance, under an 
apprehension that distilled liquor was the chief cause of intem- 

{>erance, were exerting themselves to abandon the use of such 
iquor as a beverage, the undersigned called on that distinguished 
statesman, and procured his signature to the subjoined declara- 
tion. Immediately thereafter the signatures of President Jack- 
son and President Adams were obtained. In commemoration 
of this event, a silver medal was struck in England, and trans- 
mitted to each of these gentlemen. Recently, the names of 
President Van Buren, and President Tyler, and President Polk 
have been added to the same declaration. So that (with the 
exception of President Harrison, who was prevented by death 
from expressing his well known sentiments,) all the Presidents 
of the United States who have lived since the Temperance refor- 
mation commenced, have now given their testimony against the 
use of distilled liquors as a beverage; the only liquors generally 
believed, at the time the signatures were obtained, to be produc- 
tive of inebriety, EDWARD C. DELEVAN. 

DECLARATION'. 

Being satisfied from observation and experience, as well as 
from medical testimony, that ardent spirits as a drink is not only 
needless, but hurtful, and that the entire disuse of it would tend 
to promote the health, the virtue, and the happiness of the com- 
munity, we hereby express our conviction that should the citi- 
zens of the United States, and especially the young men, discon- 
tinue entirely the use of it, they would not only promote their 
own personal benefit, but the good of our country and the world. 

JAMES MADISON, 
ANDREW JACKSON, 
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, 
M. VAN BUREN, 
JOHN TYLER. 
JAMES K. POLK. 



WOULD IT BE RIGHT? 

Suppose a man were to engage in business, and before com- 
mencing, he knew that he could succeed and make money, by 
manufacturing an article which the people would like; but at the 









\ s 




■m , ^ ,mn r n .. ,** f i* f mm*^^mr- 




tf*4 -I' / PosStSSlVt fa Si 



TotsntiM Mode Se* J^xplanaliori 4 




h r-rl ! 



'IP 

'4 






f f <C-.V/" V tf 1 .^ '^""n" 




Infinitive Mode. $fie> Explanation S 



43 

S&me time, he knew that it would make them wnetched, and 
shorten their lives — would it be tight! 

Suppose he knew that the people would be well aware, at the 
time of purchasing the article made by him, that it would injure, 
and ruin them by using it — would it be right? 

Suppose again, that before beginning to manufacture, he 
thought it would benefit them, and after following the business 
for a short time, he saw that it was a curse to mankind, whilst it 
helped him — would it be right? 

Suppose again, thcrt the article benefitted him in sickness, and 
it relieved one out of a hundred; but the ninety-nine were made 
miserable and wretched; some of them were made widows and 
orphans, and some were murdered under the influence of the 
article — would it be right? 

Reason says no. Benevolence, says discontinue the business, 
and procure another remedy for diseases. Poor bleeding and 
suffering humanity says, stop. The tears and sighs of woman 
say, stop. The costs of prosecutions, our poor houses, our hos- 
pitals, jails, and penitentiaries admonish us. The graves of 
drunkards, their widows and orphans that have died; the 40,000 
drunkards that fall every year in the United States; their 30,000 
widows, and their 120,000 orphans; — all, all, admonish us, and 
they would say stop, if they could arise and speak. 



SEE HOW THE LICENSE SYSTEM WORKS! 

The Sheriff has presented his annual Report of the criminal 
statistics of Hamilton County, Ohio, for the year ending October 
3lst, 1845. Here it is, let every man in the County read it. 

The whole number committed is 873. Of these 790 are of 
intemperate habits!!!! 

Native Born, - - - - - 599 

Foreigners, 274 

Crimes against property, - - - 188 

" c; persons, - - - 115 

For Debt, 41 

Breach of City Ordinances, - - 321 

Insane, ------ 3 

Other Causes, 205 

Sent to States Prison, - - - - 39 

Hamilton County Prison Chain Gang, - 61 

1 " " Dungeon, - 3 

Acquitted, - - - - - - 16 

Let to Bail, 109 

No Indictments found against, - QQ 



4 

■- 



44 

Escaped, ------ 6 

Otherwise discharged, - 487 

Remaining in Jail, .... 43 

Number of days work done by Chain Gang, 4307 
Value of labor at 50 cents per day, $21 53.50 

Females, ------ 74 

Colored Persons, . - - - 90 

No man ought to countenance a wicked practice, or engage in 
business, unless the result of his labor will benefit his fellow citi- 
zens. If he engage in what is w r rong by selling or manufactur- 
ing a bad article, which will injure mankind, he will bring misery 
and wretchedness on himself, and on them; and he will be a bur- 
den, a drawback on society. On the other hand, if his pursuits 
are good and right, peace and happiness will reign in his own 
heart: they will come to others by his good works; he will be a 
blessing in community, and the world will be the better, that 
such a man had an existence omon£ mankind. 



The Temperance Regulator, a spirited paper published nt 
Pawtucket, II. I., in some remarks upon the subject of rum-selling, 
says, that within the last thirty years, seventy-four persons have 
been engaged in the sale of intoxicating drinks, under license, in 
that village. Of this number ten died of delirium tremens, one 
broke his neck by a fall; one committed suicide by cutting his 
throat; one was drowned; six died of diseases caused by the use 
of intoxicating drinks; twelve were gamblers or horse jockevs; 
ten failed in business, six have been drunkards, reformed; and 
seven are now drunkards. From this it seems that the business 
is attended with a curse, and that those who engage in it are sure 
to experience the retributions of heaven for their man-destroying 
traffic. 

At a great temperance meeting in the Park, New York City, 
Mr. Cary of Ohio, made an eloquent address. He stated that of 
some sixty odd dealers in alcoholic liquors whom he had known in 
Ohio, (and he had not yet a gray hair in his head) 50 were dead, 
and nearly all had died drunkards. Of something more than 400 of 
the prisoners in the State Prison of Ohio, 160 had been dealers in 
distilled spirits. He alluded to the noble movement among seamen, 
and how from the port of New York, Temperance Lecturers were 

?;oing forth to every region of the world. He paid a fine tribute to 
reland — the six millions of her sons who had signed the pledge, 
and how crime had been reduced in Dublin for the last sixyears, 
from 12000 cases annually, to a few hundred. 



A SHORT SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF 

JAMES MULLEN, 

THE REFORMER, 

GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR BY HIMSELF. 



"^^^^A^O^^^^VW^V^^^^^^^^V^V* 



I was born in Beaver county, Pa., in the year 1803 7 
of strictly religious parents. They were members of 
the Presbyterian Church, and it being the custom of 
that order to have their children baptized, at the age of 
two months, the ordinance of baptism was administered 
to me. When seven or eight years old, my grand-fa- 
ther's brother gave my father one quarter section of 
land, situated in the county mentioned above, and he 
came to live with us, for father had agreed to support 
him through life. He was very intemperate, and had 
considerable money, and as I was the only son of seven 
children, he took much notice, by having me go often 
with him, and drinking frequently with me, so that, at 
the age of nine years, I became a drunkard by the in- 
fluence and example of my grand-father's brother. I 
continued drinking, and was drunk on many occasions, 
until I was twenty years of age. At this time, becom- 
ing acquainted witfa a young lady of wealthy and re- 
spectable parents, whom I married. Our prospects 
would have been flattering, had it not been for my in- 
temperate habits, for our parents were wealthy. Al- 
though my parents gave me good and religious instruc- 
tion, yet I drank more and more, neglecting my busi- 
ness, abusing my wife, grieving and wounding the feel- 
ings of friends, when, after the birth of our first child, 



46 A SKETCH OP THE LIFE OF 

my wife was confined with a fever, and her father took 
her home, and told me never to enter his dwelling. 
Notwithstanding I might have staid at home, for my 
father needed my assistance, he having much business, 
yQjt I started on aflatboatfor New Orleans. Continuing 
on the river about a year, and my relations hearing fre- 
quently about me from persons traveling up and down 
the river, I determined to go where they could not know 
any thing about me, feeling that I was an outcast from 
all good society. Leaving the occupation of a boatman, 
I went back into the country, county of Obine, in the 
State of Tennessee. Whilst remaining there, news 
reached my parents that I had fallen off into the river, 
drunk, and was drowned. They understood that I was 
found, and buried, for some told them that they had stood 
by my grave on the banks of the Mississippi. This 
threw my parents and sisters into deep mourning, on 
account of the shocking death of an only son, and only 
brother When I think of the trouble and affliction 
brought on my relatives by my intemperance, and of 
the many prayers of parents, made in my behalf I am 
nearly overcome with grief, having drunk the cup of 
misery and repentance to the very dregs. After stay- 
ing three years and six months ia the State of Tennes- 
see, and not writing to, or hearing from my family in 
Ohio, I started to return home. On the day of my ar- 
rival, (it being the Sabbath,) my parents and sisters 
had been to church, and some young men, having aUo. 
attended, overtook me in sight of my father's house- 
Seeing me, they were surprised, and said that my pa. 
rents and sisters were then dressed in mourning, for 
they had heard of my death, and all supposed that I 
was not alive. Although I had heard some talk of the 
kind coming up the river, yet when these young men 
told me this, I was compelled to weep, tears rolling 
down my bloated and swollen face, so that I was una- 
ble to converse with them. They left me, and I saw 
them stop in front of my father's house, when, calling 



JAMES MULLEN, THE REFORMER. 47 

to one of my sisters, they told her who was coming, 
Hearing a noise, I saw the gate thrown open, and then 
came six sisters, with open arms, to receive me ; and 
after them, my old gray-headed father and mother, to 
welcome home their intemperate prodigal son and 
brother. 

When my mother was within a few yards, she ex- 
tended her arms, and came embracing me, weeping and 
exclaiming, "my son was dead, but is alive ; was lost, 
but now is found." I soon learned, to my great sur- 
prise, that the object of my once youthful and tender 
affections had been married to another man, they hav- 
ing had one child; and this added sorrow to sorrow, 
filling my cup with misery and wo. Knowing that it 
would not be proper to remain in that condition, I ap- 
plied and obtained a bill of divorcement, according to 
law. I then promised my friends to stop drinking, and 
after joining the Temperance Society, I became a mem- 
ber of the Church, remaining somewhat steady. Be- 
ing partly reformed, and the only son of wealthy and 
respectable parents, I married a lady of good character, 
not wealthy, in Kentncky. We then moved into Ohio, 
with flattering prospects, and in good circumstances. 
Here, I might have been happy, for we had enough to 
make us comfortable. I might have continued a use- 
ful member of the Church, but alas ! I was not entire- 
ly weaned from my hankering and intemperate course, 
and the foul monster had fastened his deadly fangs so 
deeply, that I soon began to fall. My father being af- 
flicted with a cancer, and hearing of a successful can- 
cer doctor on the Reserve, started, my sister accompa- 
nying him, on a journey of 250 miles, to see the phy- 
sician residing there. After remaining there some time, 
my sister wrote, stating that he could not be cured, and 
that he could not live to return home. I then started 
horseback to see my afflicted father. Going out of my 
way by Cincinnati, and being drunk several times on 
the jourr.ey, I at last arrived there, having been eleven 



48 A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF 

days on the way — 22 miles a day — when the distance 
might have been traveled by a sober, affectionate son in 
four or five days. This is painful for me to state, but 
I feel it to be my duty to confess my faults, showing 
that strong drink destroys all the affections and tender 
regard of man, earnestly desiring that my wickedness 
and misfortunes may keep some from the whirlpool of 
destruction. After staying with him two days, he told 
me he had given up all hopes of recovering, and he be- 
ing anxious to see my mother before death, requested 
me to return, and have her come as soon as possible. 
Being ready to start home, and bidding all farewell but 
him, and going into the room where he was, Oh ! how 
I dreaded to see him for the last time, being well aware 
that he would talk to me about my past and present in- 
temperate habits. He then took me by the hand and 
said, "My only son, this is probably the last time you 
will see your father's face, or hear his faltering voice. 
You have been the sabject of many prayers ; many tears 
have been shed on your account, and great trouble and 
anguish have wounded my soul, because of your intem- 
perance. My son, will you now promise me in my last 
hours, that you will not drink any more? Nothing 
gives me so much pain as to think, that my only son 
will probably fill a drunkard's grave.'' These words 
pierced me to the very soul. I was very much affect- 
ed, and wept like a child. I then solemnly promised 
him that I would reform, and would live a better life, 
resolving that I would not drink. I then bade him 
farewell, meditating upon my past conduct, and upon 
this affecting scene, as I traveled the road. 

I had pursued my journey only four miles, when I 
met my cousin, who asked me to take a glass of wine. 
I told him that I had promised not to drink any more. 
He observed that a little would not injure me. I drank, 
and before nine o'clock at night, I was beastly drunk. 
Pursuing my journey, and being intoxicated several 
times, I at last arrived home, being nine days in travel* 








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^ 




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'3V<? .T> 2 tATominatii/t Case 



JAMES MULLEN, THE REFORMER. 49 

ing the distance, when it ought to have been performed 
in four or five days. My mother went to see my father, 
and I started on a flat boat for New Orleans. Follow- 
ing the river for some time, until I was put ashore 
drunk, and becoming sober, I was taken sick, unaVe 
to walk. Lying on the ground, and having no money 
to procure assistance, some slaves saw me, and I beg- 
ged them 'to take me to their master's house. They 
hesitated, because he was not at home. After much 
persuasion they carried me into their cabin. Their 
master was acquainted with my Father ; much care 
and kindness were manifested, in short, he did all he 
could for my recovery. After a severe sickness, I was 
enabled to Avalk down to the river. Whilst there, a 
boat passed, and I saw a man on board whom I knew. 
I told him who I was, and how I came there, but, the 
boat could not stop. My mother was informed, and 
money was sent to pay the expenses of my sickness, and 
my fare home. Alter I arrived, my mother told me 
that she was present when my father made his will. 
In making a division of the property, he said to her, 
" had I better will James any thing ; if I should, he will 
squander it away in a short time. 77 She said, " do your 
duty, do right." 7 He made an equal division, giving 
me as much as any of my sisters. My portion was 
mostly in land, lying in the county of Wayne, State of 
Ohio. I then moved there, with horses, wagon, and 
stock. Drinking more and more, neglecting my busi- 
ness, and squandering my property, debts were accu- 
mulated, my personal property was first sold by the 
officer, and afterwards my real estate, and at the expi- 
ration of two years after moving there, I was not worth 
a dollar. We lived in a wretched way, sometimes 
without necessary food and clothing, until the reformers 
came there to hold Temperance meetings. My wife 
has been kind and affectionate during my sickness, 
caused by intemperance, and whilst holding the tea 
and toast, sitting by the bed, tears have rolled down 
5 



50 SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF 

her cheeks, and she has wept in the night, and after ask- 
ing her why she wept, she has turned away, and her si- 
lence made me well aware what affected her. On ore 
evening, after two young men had been hauling wocd 
for me, they invited me to go to a Temperance meeting. 
I declined. My wife said, " husband, you know that 
they are kind, they will do almost any thing for you, 
and you ought to go." I told her that I had not eaten 
my supper. She said that it should be ready in a few 
minutes, and the young men said they would wait. I 
remarked that my clothes were not lit to wear to meet- 
ing, and this was true, for my coat was covered with 
patches, my pantaloons were made of linen and tow, and 
my hat was made of straw. They said, that I could sit 
near the door, and no person would observe me. After 
many entreaties, I concluded to go to the meeting. My 
wife had supper ready in a few minutes, and it was late 
when we arrived there. There was a very large au- 
dience ; all the scats were occupied, so I could not sit 
near the door, and this I very much regretted, for my 
poor old tattered garments were not decent to appear 
in such a place. We were requested to come near the 

pulpit, and Mr. , a very respectable man, rose and 

offered me his seat, in front of the speaker. 

The reformer then gave an affecting account of his 
intemperate course, by mentioning how much he had 
suffered, and the trouble and allliction brought on others 
by his inebriation. Some part of the time, I felt envi- 
ous, and I would have given him a whipping, had I 
been away with him, but at times, I felt to wee:) in re- 
flecting about my past conduct, my suffering, my pov- 
erty, and the misery and wretchedness of my poor wife 
and children. An invitation was given to come up and 
" sign the Pledge/ 1 After much persuasion I started, 
and the very walls rang with the sound, which told the 
joy and gladness of many in seeing a poor drunken 
vagabond sign the Temperance Pledge. Several took 
me by the hand, and affectionately entreated me to 



JAMES MULLEN, THE REFORMER. 51 

reform and keep it. The meeting closed, and the young 
men who went with me arrived, and told my wife before 
I returned. The following lines better describe our 
meeting than any I can select : 

With trembling hand I raised the latch, 
By stealth the door unclosing, 
When with a frantic shout of joy, 
She sunk upon my bosom. 

Early the next morning, a neighbour came in, and 
after inquiring ho v we were, he asked if I had bought 
a cow. I told him I had not. He said I might have 
one of his. I replied that it was not in my power to 
purchase. He said, he did not want any pay, and I 
should be welcome to one. Soon after this, another 
neighbor came, and after some conversation, he inquired 
if we had a cow. The answer was that we had none. 
He remarked that he could let me have one. I told 
him that I had nothing to pay. Said he, "come and 
get one of mine without a farthing." On that day I 
went to his house, and he was about going away on 
business. Said he, "Mullen, go into the yard and make 
your own selection, saying to his son to assist me in 
driving her home. Language cannot describe the re- 
flections and feelings I had whilst returning Before 
this, I had tried again, and again, to buy a cow on a 
credit by promising to work, but, couldn't obtain one, 
when now neiglibors came, and offered cows without 
money and without price. We were suffering, nearly 
destitute of food and clothing, and now came friends 
and gave us clothes, and my old ones were exchanged 
for those that were comfortable. I am now a member 
of the church, and it is about four years since I signed 
the " Pledge. 77 I am hearty, happy, and doing well, 
and my wife, and children, instead of dreading to see 
me when I return, receive me with joy and gladness as 
a husband and father. I have now given a short cur- 
sory sketch of my life, and if what I have said, will aid 



52 A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF 

i;i the great Temperance Reformation, by influencing 
any to abandon, or shun an intemperate course, I shall 
be thankful. I have no desire to drink, and by the as- 
sistance of my Heavenly Father, I intend to remain a 
member of the Washington Temperance Society until 
death. 



MR. BROOKS' SPEECH 

OX THE COFFEE-HOUSE QUESTION, 

IX THE CITY COUNCIL, CINCINNATI. 



Mr. Brooks said, he had recently seen some indica- 
tions among members who have heretofore voted for li- 

ises, ol distrust in their course, lie was pleased to 
hear the gentleman from die Tenth Ward, (Mr. Thom- 
as.) say, a tew nights ago, that he was open to convic- 
tion, and wished to reason upon the subject. This indu- 
ced him (Mr. B.) to make one more effort to convince 
such gentlemen of their error. He begged their atten- 
tion for the few minutes which the rules of the Board 

cribed. 
It was made the duty of members, by the Charter, to 
make such laws as to them shall seem necessary to pro- 
vide for the safety, secure the health, promote the pros- 
perity, and improve the morals, order, comfort, and con- 
nience of the inhabitants; and it behooved them, in 
the discharge of that duty, to arrest the growing evil of 
intemperance. It was an incontrovertible position, ihat 
all who did not labor to produce something beneficial to 
mankind, were a charge upon those who do labor. Su )- 

. for illustration, a family of four persous, all capa- 
ble of earning two hundred dollars a year, and suppose 
each one expend for his support one hundred dollars a 
At the <nd of the first year, they have die aggre- 

$400. Now, (continued Mr. B.) suppose that in 

lid year, one of them is idle, dissolute, and will 

not labor — thus becoming a charge upon die other three : 

the aggregate surplus of the four this year will be redu- 



54 DEBATE IN THE 

ced $200 below the former year. Is it not plain that 
this reduction grows out of the idleness of that one per- 
son? Now apply the rule to a larger community — say the 
City. We have 214 houses licensed to sell liquor; these 
houses support families. Each family requires, say $800 
a year for support, which amounts, In the aggregate, to 
$172,000 a year! — drawn from the productive labor of 
the people, while these places produce only drunkenness, 
debauchery, crime, poverty, disease and death. 

These results the gentlemen who vote for them know 
as well as 1 do; and yet we continue to license them ev- 
ery time we meet. 

Now, said Mr. B, suppose the inmates of these houses 
were usefully employed ; — they could then produce their 
own support, and consequently §172,000; add to this 
$172,000 worth of time wasted by their customers in vi- 
siting these houses, and then another $172,000 which 
they might have produced if usefully employed, — and 
you have the sum of $080,000 a year less than would be 
produced under a well-regulated state of society. 

Nor is this all. — Our jails are filled with drunkards, our 
Courts with criminals, made so by intemperance. They 
must be convicted and confined at the expense of the pub- 
lic, and while in Jail, many of their families are kept from 
starvation by the charity of the people, or the Poor Fund, 

Now, if all these people — the keepers and customers of 
these houses, were employed in useful manufactures, 
producing instead of consuming the labor of others, and 
diffusing the products of their labor, — what happiness 
would supply the place of misery — in how many of the 
abodes of poverty would be lighted up the effulgent 
beams of smiling plenty! Joy would take the ] lace 
of sorrow — the fountain of corruption would be dried up 
—the dagger would be snatched from the hand of the 
wretch who in a fit of intoxication madly rushes from his 
victim, perhaps his wife, his child, his mother! I call 
upon you as guardians of the public weal, chosen for 
your intelligence — presumed to be wise men — I call up- 









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The refo rm t d Dru, n ft ani Ex /it an 3^ 



CITY COUNCIL. 55 

on you to put a stop to this moral pestilence, that carries 
off more victims than the Cholera — that unlocks the foun- 
tains whence flow the scalding tears of indescribable suf- 
fering — I call upon you to merit the appellation of "Fa- 
thers of the City," a term now applied to you in derision 
and mockery. I call upon you to enjoy the luxury which 
flows from a consciousness of having done your duty — 
Would you have the children of the poor drunkard rise 
up all over our city, and call you blessed! — would you 
have the broken-hearted wife load you with gratitude — 
would you have a flame of philanthropy kindled in your 
bosoms — then interpose your high authority, and put a 
stop to this evil! 

Mr. Brooks continued his remarks. 

Let the Queen City, that five years ago stood pre- 
eminent in the Temperance Reform, as she does in al- 
most every thing else, resume again her proud position, 
with not a grog-shop within her borders. I would that I 
had the power to move you to this high duty. But if 
you will not be moved — if you will not put a stop to this 
evil — go home — and when you have laid your head upon 
your pillows, with your innocent children around you — 
think of what may be the effect of your culpable neglect 
to them; think of those sprightly boys of yours, whose 
eyes sparkle with an intelligence, which, if rightly culti- 
vated, would fit them for the highest stations in society. 
O, think of the tide of pollution you are passing around 
them — think, that after wading awhile in its turbid wa- 
ters, you see them staggering through the world, and fall- 
ing into the drunkard's grave, dug — dug by a fathers 
hand! O, that Iliad the graphic powers of a Milton, 
whose pencil painted Sin, and drew the snaky sorceress 
of Hell! I would draw, upon the canvass of your imag- 
ination, such a picture that you would stand aghast and 
trembling before it, feel your responsibility, and wonder 
you had never before seen the sad reality ! I would paint 
that picture in such vivid colors that you should see it in 
your sleep, if indeed you could ever sleep after behold* 



56 DEBATE IN THE 

ing it, till you repented of the past, and changed your 
course for the future. 

But, say the gentlemen who vote to perpetuate this evil, 
they are as much opposed to drunkenness as any other 
person, but think it cannot be stopped ! Have they ever 
tried? Have they put their shoulders to the wheels of 
the Temperance Car, and rolled it onwards? No, sir! 
they vote for these houses every time we meet 

One of our brave officers, in the last war, was asked 
by his superior, if he could silence a certain British bat- 
tery; he replied, "I can try, sir." He did //•//, and suc- 
ceeded, and his reply was admired as much as that of 
Caesar, when he said, " I came, I saw, I conquered." Let 
gentlemen try, before they pronounce — it cannot be 
done. 

I could talk for hours upon this subject, but my time 
under the rule must be expired, and I must desist. I ask 
members to pause — to reflect — to refute my arguments — 
or if they cannot — to allow them to have the weight to 
which they are entitled. 

Mr. Roedtou said, he believed it was true that the 
idle were supported by those who labored, but thought 
the results did not follow pointed out by the member 
from the second ward, (Mr. Brooks ;) that his illustrations 
of the four persons composing the family, did not prove 
his position; that the one supposed to be idle, might, by 
waiting on the others, with food and water, promote the 
prosperity of the four, as much as though he labored ; that 
the ladies, who might be seen shopping in our streets, did 
not labor — and would the gentleman (Mr. B.) charge 
them with being idle? 

The money spent in grog-shops was not lost — it con- 
tinued to circulate in society, &c. 

Mr. Brooks again took the floor, and said he was flat- 
tered by the gentleman's objection to his position of the 
four persons in a family; that he sat out in his reply ex- 
pecting to refute it, but as he progressed he found it in- 
vulnerable. He retreated by making his supposed idle 



CITY COUNCIL. 57 

person wait upon others. He might set keepers of tip- 
pling shops to work, and he can make the same escape 
from my arguments, but not without. He supposed I 
meant to exclude all from the class of laborers, who did 
not toil in digging, or something similar. The merchant 
labors: he sends the products of the farmer to market. 
The chemist labors: he tells the farmer how he may fer- 
tilize his lands. The philosopher and all men of science 
labor. But the keepers of grog-shops labor to destroy. 
They are drones in the great hive of human population — 
worse than drones, they destroy the laborers, while they 
eat up their substance. 

But the gentleman says that the money they receive 
for liquor is not lost, but still circulates in society. So 
does the money on which the highway-robber lives fc still 
circulate in society.' 

He meets you with a pistol at your heart, and demands 
your money at the peril of your life; you give it him — 
he spends it in society; part of it he bestows in charity, 
if you please; but does that sanctify the crime of robbery? 
Does he give it to society without an equivalent? 

What then is the difference? The one penis your life 
on the instant, with powder and ball — the other holds his 
bottle to your mouth, filled with poison no less deadly, 
but which produces its equally fatal effects by a slower 
process. 

Mr. Loder had been an old citizen here — had watched 
with some care the progress of the license system. He 
did not believe that more drunkenness prevailed now than 
there did in early days, when whiskey was kept in every 
man's house, and drunk out of green tumblers. If whis- 
key was not drunk at coffee-houses, it would, as then, be 
drunk at home. Convince him that the refusing to li- 
cense would remedy the evils complained of, and he 
would not vote for the granting of another license. 

Mr. C. Thomas had, on a former occasion defined his 
position in relation to this subject. He repeated that he 
was in favor of effectually closing up these houses, if by 



58 DEBATE IN THE 

so doing he was sustained by the public. Reconsidered 
they were not legislating for themselves, but for their con- 
stituents; therefore he did not consider that Board re- 
sponsible for any evils that might grow out of their grant- 
ing license in accordance with their known wishes. It 
was not their duly, in violation of the public will, to say 
these houses should not be licensed. If it was to be 
checked, public sentiment must check it. But Mr. T. did 
not believe the granting of licenses produced all this evil 
complained of; that there would be liquor drank and 
drunkards made if no licenses were granted, no one 
would pretend to deny. He was yet to learn if licensing 
and regulating these houses increased the consumption of 
intoxicating drinks. With all their liberality in licen- 
sing, the Police reports at the Mayor's Office showing 
that a number were yet selling without a license, &a Sec. 
Mr. Moses was very much charmed and pleased with 
the eloquence of the gentleman (Mi\ Brooks) from the 
Second Ward. A better sermon could not have been 
given to that Board. But he did most emphatically de- 
ny that he ever charged a pistol with powder and balls 
or with Brandy and Whiskey to murder any man Be- 
cause that Board exercised what they considered their 
duty to exercise, their best judgment in granting licenses, 
were they to be charged with murder? He thought this 
rather too much. He surely was not for committing mur- 
der directly, or indirectly. Convince him that the curse 
of intemperance would be mitigated by withholding his 
vote to license, and he would not vote that another should 
be licensed, &c. 



CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OP 
OHIO DIVISON NO. 1, OF THE 

SONS OF TEMPERANCE, 

OF THE CITY OF CINCINNATI, STATE OF OHIO. 

To maintain uniformity, the National Division of the 
United States, ordain the following Constitution for the 
government of Subordinate Divisions, at the same time 
empowering them to make such by-laws as do not con- 
travene it, or the rules of the order. 

PREAMBLE. 

We whose names are annexed, desirous of forming a 
society to shield us from the evils of intemperance, 
afford mutual assistance in case of sickness, and elevate 
our characters as men — do pledge ourselves to be gov- 
erned by the following Constitution and By-Laws. 

CONSTITUTION. 

ART. 1. 

Name. This association shall be known as the "Ohio 
Division, No. 1, of the Sons of Temperance, of the State 

Ohio." 

ART. 2. 

Pledge. No brother shall make, buy, sell, or use as 
a beverage, any Spirituous or Malt Liquors, Wine or 
Cider. 

ART. 3. 

Officers. The officers shall consist of a W. P., W. A., 
R.S., A. R. S., F. S., T., C, I.S„ and O. S.— all of whom 



60 CONSTITTUTION, ETC. 

shall be elected by ballot every three months, viz : last 
regular meetings in September, December, March and 
June ; and installed the first regular meetings in Octo- 
ber, January, April, and July. 

ART. 4. 

Duties or Officers. Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of 
the W. P. to preside in the Division, enforce a due ob- 
servance of the Constitution and By-Laws, and exact a 
compliance to the rules and usages of the Order ; to see 
that all officers perform their respective duties ; appoint 
all committees and officers not otherwise provided for; 
give the casting vote on all matters before the Divi- 
sion when a tie may occur; inspect and announce the 
result of all balloting or other votes ; direct the R. S. to 
call special meetings when application shall be made 
in writing by five members of the Division : draw upon 
T. for all sums necessary to pay the benefits provided 
for by the Constitution and By-laws, and other appro- 
priations made by the Division. He shall, on the night 
he vacates the chair, see that the quarterly returns are 
prepared for the Grand Division, and the per rentage 
appropriated, and forward the same in time for the 
quarterly session, certified by him, with the seal oi' the 
Division. lie shall perform such other duties as the 
Division or his charge shall require of him, 

Sec, 2. It shall be the duty of the W. A. to render 
the W. P. such assistance as he may require of him, 
and in the absence of the W. P. the W. A. shall per- 
form his duties. 

Sec. 3. The R. S. shall keep a fair and impartial re- 
cord of the proceedings of the Division ; write commu- 
nications ; notify all Subordinate Divisions not more 
than ten miles of its place of meeting, within one week 
after, of the name, occupation and residence of every 
person suspended, rejected, or expelled from this Divi- 
sion. He shall fill up certificates ; notify meetings when 
ordered by the W. P. ; attest to all monies ordered to 
be paid at a regular meeting, and none other. He shall 






¥ * 



■ 



CONSTITUTION, ETC. 6l 

make out at the end of his term for the division, a full 
report of the proceedings during his term ; and also the 
quarterly returns for the Grand Division, which shall 
embrace the number of members initiated, admitted by 
card, initiated by dispensation, suspended, re-instated, 
and who have withdrawn, during his term — together 
with the names and occupation of those suspended, ex- 
pelled, and rejected, with the dates, and causes of ex- 
pulsion, the number who violate the Pledge, how many 
sign over, and how many violate it the second time, the 
number of deaths, and the whole number of actual con- 
tributing members; the amount of receipts for initiation 
fees and dues, with the per centage due the Grand Di- 
vision ; the amount expended for benefits, with the 
amount on hand ; and with the W. P. certify to the 
same. He shall perform such other duties as may be 
required of him by the Division or his charge , and de- 
liver up to his successor within one week from the ex- 
piration of his term, all books, papers, or other property 
in his possession belonging to his office. 

Sec. 4. The A. R. S. shall be an aid to the R. S., un- 
der whose direction he shall act. He shall render such 
assistance to the R. S. in the performance of his duties 
as he or the Division may require of him. 

Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the F. S. to keep just 
and true accounts between the division and its mem- 
bers ; credit the amounts paid, and pay the same over 
to the T. immediately taking his receipt. He shall, just 
previous to the close of his term notify every member 
w T ho is three months or more in arrears, of the amount 
due by him to the Division, adding 12| cents to each 
notice. At the end of his term he shall make out for 
the Division a full report ; and furnish the R. 8. with 
the amount of receipts for initiation fees and dues dur- 
ing his term, with any other information connected with 
his office necessary to enable the R. S. to prepare cor- 
rect returns for the Grand Division. He shall perform 
such other duties as the Division or his charge may re- 
6 



62 CONSTITUTION, ETC, 

quire of him. He shall deliver up to his successor all 
matters appertaining to his office in his possession. 

Sec. G. It shall he the duty of the T. to pay all orders 
drawn on him hy the W. P., attested by the R. S. and 
none others ; he shall receive all monies of the Division, 
and hold the same until the expiration of his term, un- 
less otherwise ordered by the Division. He shall keep 
a full and correct account of all monies received and 
expended. He shall give the Division a monthly state- 
ment of the funds ; and deliver up, when legally called 
upon, all monies, books, papers and other property of 
the Division to his successor in office, or to whom the 
Division may specially appoint. He shall perform such 
other duties as may be required of him by the Division 
or his charge. 

Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the C. to introduce for 
initiation all persons who have been previously elected. 
He shall also introduce visiters, and furnish them with 
suitable regalia. He shall with the aid of the A. C. 
examine those present at the opening of the Division. 
He shall see that the officers' regalia are in their proper 
places at the opening of the Division, and take charge 
of the same at the close. He shall have charge of such 
property of the Division as may not be otherwise pro- 
vided for. and render a full report to the Division at the 
end of his term. 

Sec. 8. It shall be the duty of the A. C. to render 
such services as the C. or Division may require of him. 

Sec. 9. It shall be (he duty of the I. S. to attend the 
door — to admit none but members of the Order unless 
otherwise ordered by the W. P. 

Sec. 10. The O. S. shall guard the door outside, and 
keep off intruders. 

ART. 5. 

Eligibility for Membership. Sec. 1. No person 
shall be initiated into the Division, under eighteen years 
df agfej nor for a less sum than two dollars. 

Src 2. No person shall be admitted into this Divi- 
sion, who does not possess a good moral character, or 



CONSTITUTION, ETC. 60 

who is in an\\way incapacitated from earning a liveli- 
hood, or who has no visible means of support. 

Sec. 3. The name of a person offered for membership 
must be proposed by a member in writing, stating age, 

dence, and business, which must be entered on the 
record, and the subject referred to three brothers for 
investigation, who shall report in writing at a succeed- 
ing meeting] when the candidate shall be baliotted for 
with ball ballots, and if not more than four black balls 
appear against him. ho shall be declared elected; but if 
five or more black balls appeal;, he shall be rejected and 
so declared. Xo person so rejected, shall be again pro- 
ed in any Division o( the Order tinder six months. 

Sec. 4. A proposition for membership shall not be 
withdrawn after it has been referred to a committee for 
investigation. 

Sec. 5. A vote of rejection may be reconsidered with- 
in two meetings, exclusive of the meeting at which the 
vote was taken, provided any mistake or misunder- 
standing appear on or before the second meeting after 
such vote is taken. And provided further, that the \V. 
P. gives one week's notice thereof in open Division. 
But a vote which has resulted in an election shall not 
be reconsidered. 

Sec. *3. The name of a candidate or brother consti- 
tutionally suspended, rejected or expelled, shall not be 
published in any other manner than the usual notice to 
the Divisions. 

ART. 6. 

CoNTninuTioNs and Benefits. Sec. 1. The regular 
dues to this Division shall not be less than six and one- 
fourth cenis per week. 

Sec. 2. Every bona fide member, who shall be qual- 
ified as required by the Constitution and By-Laws of 
this Division, shall in en ickness or disability, be 

entitled to, and receive weekly, not less than three dol- 
ars : except it be shewn that such sickness or disabil- 
ity be brought on by his own improper conduct. 



64 CONSTITUTION, ETC. 

Sec. 3. No brother residing in the town shall be en- 
titled to relief for more than one week previous to his 
case being reported to this Division. No relief shall be 
granted for a less time than one week. All arrears, 
either for fines or dues to the Division, (if any) shall 
in every case be deducted from the first payment ; after 
which time the said brother shall be exempt from dues 
ojr fines during his sickness. 

Sec. 4. In case of the death of a brother, the sum of 
thirty dollars shall be appropriated to defray his funeral 
expenses. The W. P. in the absence of competent re- 
lations or friends, shall take charge of the funeral, and 
keep an account of the disbursements. 

Sec. 5. On the death of the wife of a brother, he shall 
be entitled to the sum of fifteen dollars, for the purpose 
of assisting in the funeral expenses. 

ART. 7. 

Offence. Sec. 1. Any member who shall offend 
against these Articles or the By-Laws, shall be subject 
to be fined, reprimanded, suspended, or expelled, as 
two-thirds of the members present at any regular meet- 
ing may determine. 

Sec. 2. Every member shall be entitled to a fair trial 
for any offence involving reprimand, suspension, or ex- 
pulsion ; but no member shall be put on trial, unless 
charges duly Specifying his offence, be submitted in 
writing by a member of the Division. 

Sec. 3. When charges have been preferred against a 
brother in a proper manner, or any matters of grievance 
between brothers be brought before this Division, they 
shall be referred to a special committee of five mem- 
bers, and they shall with as little delay as the case will 
admit, summon the parties, examine and determine the 
matter in question, and if not involving the suspension 
or expulsion of a member, or no appeal be taken from 
their decision to the Division, it shall be final, with- 
out other action. Should the committee be convinced 
of the necessity of suspending or expelling a member, 



CONSTITUTION, ETC. 65 

they shall submit a motion for the purpose to the Di- 
vision for action. 

Sec. 4. When a motion for the expulsion or suspen- 
sion of a member shall have been submitted in due 
form, it shall be announced at one regular meeting pre- 
vious to action being taken; and the accused shall be 
summoned to be in attendance at the Division, at the 
time when it may have been determined to consider the 
question — at which time, whether the implicated mem- 
ber be present or not, the Division may proceed to 
consider and determine it Two-thirds of the members 
present voting in favor of the motion it shall be carried ; 
and the Division shall be fully competent, while such 
motion is under consideration, to vary the penalty from 
the original motion. 

Sec. 5. When the decision of a committee appointed 
under Sec. 3. of this Article, shall not be satisfactory to 
all parties, either of those interested, shall have the 
j privilege of an appeal to the Division, and at the time 
appointed for trying the appeal, the committee shall 
present to the Division, in writing, the grounds on 
which their decision was founded ; and the parties shall 
have the privilege of being heard before the Division — 
and the Division shall determine the correctness of the 
decision of the committee by a majority of votes present 
Sec. 6. Any member having been expelled, shall not 
be proposed for membership under six months from the 
date of expulsion. 

ART. 8. * 

Terms. Regular Quarterly Terms shall commence 
on the first of October, January, April, and July. Offi- 
cers elected previous to the expiration of half the term 
shall be entitled to the full honors of the term ; those 
elected after half the term has expired shall not count 
the honors, except where they may be elected to fill 
vacancies occasioned by resignation, suspension, expul- 
sion or death, in which case the brother who serves 
the residue of the term shall be entitled to the full 
6* 



66 CONSTITUTION, ETC. 

honors, and he who resigns, or is suspended or expel- 
led, shall forfeit his claim. 

ART. 9. 

Eligibility for chief officers. Sec. 1. After a 
Division has been instituted three terms, no brother 
shall be eligible for the office of W. P., unless he has 
served a regular quarterly term as W. A. ; nor shall any 
brother be eligible to the office of W. A. unless he has 
served two terms in subordinate office or offices. 

Sec. 2. No brother shall serve two terms in the same 
office, during the term of one year, except in the offices 
of R. S., F. S. and T. 

Sec. 3. No brother shall be eligible to office who is 
under twenty-one years of a 

art; io. 

Violating Art. 2. Sec. 1. Any brother violating 
Article 2 of the Constitution, shall forfeit his member- 
ship, and his name shall be erased from the books, after 
proceeding in accordance with Article 7. Neverthv 
it shall be in the power of two-thirds of the members 
present at a regular meeting, to re-instate him on hi 
re-signing and paying a line of $1; for the second of- 
fence they shalHiave power to re-instate him, on his 
resigning and paying a fine of £2 ; for the third oftenc- 
he can be admitted as a newly proposed member only 
Any officer breaking the pledge, shall not be eligible to 
fill such or any office for twelve months from the time 
he is re-instated. The above fines must be paid to th 
F. S. on the night he is re-instated ; or the member to 
stand suspended until they are paid. 

Sec. 2. Any brother knowing of an officer or brothe 
having violated Article 2, and neglecting to inform th 
W. P. for two weeks after, shall be fined $1. 

ART. 11. 

No alteration or addition shall be made to this Constitu- 
tion, unless by a two-third vote of the National Division 






BY-LAWS. 

ART. 1. 

Stated Meetings. The Division shall assemble 
every Monday evening at such time and place as a ma- 
jority of the members may from time to time direct, In 
the absence of the W. P. and W. A., the oldest P, W. P. 
present shall preside. 

ART. 2. 

Standing Cojoiittees. The W. P. shall, at the first 
regular quarterly meeting, appoint six standing com- 
mittees, who shall serve three months, unless excused by 
the Division — viz: 

1st. A Committee of Finance, consisting of three mem- 
bers, whose duties shall be to audit the accounts of the T. 
and F. S. as to the receipts and expenditures, and shall 
make a written report of the state of the finances at the 
first meeting after the close of the quarter, or whenever 
called upon by the Division. 

2nd. A Visiting Committee, consisting of one member 
for each Ward in the city of Cincinnati, and one addi- 
tional member who shall be chairman, whose duties it 
shall be to visit and render such assistance as may be ne- 
cessary to all sick brothers, and report the same to the Di- 
vision, whether they are entitled to benefits, and give in- 
formation of those requiring pecuniary or other aid. They 
shall notify members to attend upon and sit up with such 
brothers as may require assistance; and they shall noti- 
fy them, as near as may be conveniently done, in the or- 
der in which their names are signed to the constitution. 
The notiee to a member shall be personally, or in writing 
left at his residence, stating the name of the sick brother, 
and his place of residence. No member shall serve more 
than once until all the members have served, either per- 
sonally or by substitute, but any brother being notified, and 



68 BY-LAWS. 

refusing or neglecting to serve or furnish a substitute, who 
shall be accepted by the committee, shall be reported to 
the Division and subject to a fine of not less than one nor 
more than five dollars, at the discretion of the 'Division, 
unless he is excused by two-thirds of the members pre- 
sent. The Chairman shall keep a book, in which shall be 
recorded the name, age, residence, and date of initiation 
of every member; he shall furnish a list for each ward, 
and he shall also keep a receipt book, in which receipts 
shall be taken for all money paid out, The Chairman 
shall see that every attention is paid to the sick and afflict- 
ed ; that every member of the committee performs his du- 
ty ; and he shall have power from time to time, by the ad- 
vice of three members of the committee, to draw on the 
T. to the amount of five dollars, to meet cases of emer- 
gency. The Chairman or three members of the commit- 
tee, can at any time convene the committee to consult on 
matters appertaining to their duties. 

3rd. A Committee of Ways and Means, consisting of 
five members, including the Treasurer, who shall be ex- 
officio Chairman, whose duty it shall be to devise and ex- 
ecute measures for preserving and increasing the funds 
of the Division; to make such investment of the funds 
as the Division may direct, and generally to act as an ex- 
ecutive committee in all matters relating to the applica- 
tion of the funds, under the direction of the Division, ex- 
cept in cases otherwise provided for. 

4th. A Committee on Grievances, consisting of five 
members, whose duty it shall be, to hear and judge of all 
differences of a personal character, that may at any time 
occur — and in case they do not succeed in making an 
amicable settlement between the brethren, to report the 
same to the Division for its action. 

5th. A Committee on Claims, consisting of three mem- 
bers, whose duty shall be to examine all bills presented 
for payment and report the same to the Division. 

6th. A Committee on Library and Reading Room, 
consisting of three members, whose duty it shall be to act 



BY-LAWS. 69 

with committees from other Divisions on the direc- 
tion and supervision of the Library and Reading 
Room ; and to present a written report at the close of the 
quarter. 

ART. 3. 

Sec. 1. A Committee of Investigation, consisting of 
three members, shall be appointed at each meeting of the 
Division, whose duty it shall be to enquire into the char- 
acter of all applicants for membership, and report in wri- 
ting at the next regular meeting. The chairman shall 
give notice of the time and place of meeting. It shall be 
the duty of the brother proposing a person for member- 
ship, to attend and give information in regard to the ap- 
plicant; and also the duty of all brothers, having any- 
thing against the character of an applicant, to attend, or 
report the same to the committee. The proceedings of 
the committee shall not be revealed, except so far as may 
be necessary in making a report to the Division. 

Sec 2. No debate shall be had upon the character of 
any applicant after he has been reported upon by the In- 
vestigating Committee ; but, upon the request of any three 
brothers, his case shall be referred to the next Committee, 
who shall report at the next meeting. 

Sec. 3. When a candidate shall have been balloted for 
and elected, it shall be the duty of the brother who pro- 
posed him for membership to present him to the Division 
for initiation within six weeks from the night on which he 
was elected. And in case the person so elected shall not 
be presented for initiation within that time, his election 
shall be void. Provided, that absence from the city, sick- 
ness or death in his family shall be sufficient excuses for 
not complying with the requisition of the law. 

ART. IV. 

Withdrawing and adjoining. Sec. 1. When any 
brother desires to withdraw from the Division, he shall 
signify the same in open Division, or if impossible for 
him to attend, he may apply in writing, and if clear of 
the books, and a majority of the Division agree thereto, 



70 BY-LAWS. 

he shall be entitled to a card of clearance, on his paying 
for the same 15 cents. 

Sec. 2. The adjoining fee for a brother into the Divi- 
sion shall be half the initiation fee. 

Sec 3. Any brother withdrawing from this Division 
may re-join, by paying up his back dues; provided ap- 
plication be made within one month after his withdrawal 
— otherwise he shall pay the regular adjoining fee. 

Sec. 4. Any brother making application to join this Di- 
vision; must send in his card and the fee, which shall be 
referred to the investigating Committee, and if they re- 
port favorably, he may be balloted for and elected — his 
time to date from said election, unless he comes under 
section 3. 

• ART. 5. 

Suspended members. Suspended members on being 
re-instated, shall pay the amount standing against them at 
the time of suspension, together with the whole sum to 
which they would have been subject had they not been 
suspended, nor shall any suspended member be entitled to 
receive benefits for three months from the time he is re- 
instated. 

ART. 6. 

Benefits Sec. 1. Anv brother who shall have been 
a member of this Division, in good standing, for one y< ar, 
shall, in 'case of sickness, be entitled to three dollars per 
week. 

ART. 7. 

Residence at a distance. Residence at a distance 
from the City of Cincinnati shall not disqualify a brother 
from receiving benefits, provided he is not otherwise dis- 
qualified. It will be necessary for a brother so circum- 
stanced, to send to the W. P. a true statement of his 
case, certified by a respectable Physician and attested 
before a Justice of the Peace; and if it be satisfactory, 
the benefits shall be forwarded as the Division may direct. 

ART. 8. 

Imposition. Any brother receiving benefits from the 



BY-LAWS. >fi 

Division, who may be found imposing thereon, by feiVn 
mg sickness or disability, shall be expelled 

ART. 9. 

Penalties. Sec. I. Any member of the Division who 
is over two months in arrears, shall not be privileged to 
vote at the election of officers. 

Sec. 2. Any member who shall be appointed on a 
committee and not attend to its duties, shall be subject to 
a reprimand from the W. P., unless a good and sufficient 
excuse be rendered, which shall be determined by a vote 
ot the Division. J 

Sec. 3. Any member who shall maliciously brmg char- 
ges against a brother, or applicant for membershipTwhich 
he is unable to prove, or shall knowingly propose unwor- 
thy characters for membership, shall be subject to a re- 
primand from the W. P., suspension, or expulsion, accord- 
ihg to the enormity of the offence. 

S T' 4 j Every member who shall neglect or refuse to 
flay his dues or fines for the space of eleven month* shall 
p notified thereof by the F. S„ if practicable; and if, 
liter four weeks his accounts still remain unsettled, he 
shall be suspended during the pleasure of the Division. 

hec 5. All fines under the Constitution and By-Laws 
hall accrue to the Division, and shall be recorded by the 
V. S. upon the books as soon as incurred 

ART. 10. 

Immorality. Sec. 1. If any member be convicted of 
Jlony, fraud, or any disgraceful crime, or if he follow any 
'icked or notorious practices, or use anv unlawful means 
n procuring a livelihood, if proof be made thereof, he 
hall be expelled. 

. Sec. 2. Any member who shall refuse to obey the corn- 
Bands of the W. P., when called to order, or use disre- 
pectful expressions towards the officers; or at any time 
hake use of profane or indecent language towards the 
Drder, officers or members, he shall for every offence be 
object to a reprimand or fine not exceeding five dollars 
ft both, at the discretion of the Division. 



72 BY-LAWS. 

ART. 11. 

Divulging private business. Any member who 
shall divulge the name of a brother who has spoken or 
voted against any person proposed to become a Son of 
Temperance, or misrepresents the discussions of the Di- 
vision so as to cause disturbance or angry feelings among 
the brethren, or reveals the private affairs of the Division 
to any person not a member, shall be fined not less than 
one dollar, or be liable to suspension or expulsion, accord- 
in<y to the provision of the Constitution. 

ART. 12. 
Fees and Dues. The initiation fee, including rega- 
lia, shall be as follows; viz. for all persons over 18 and 
under 50 years of age, 83.00 ; over 50 and under GO, fif- 
ty cents additional for each inclusive consecutive year; 
and for all persons over GO and under 70, one dollar ad- 
ditional for each inclusive year. $ 1 .00 of which shall be 
enclosed in the proposition for membership and the resi- 
due before initiated. 

Sec. 2. The dues to this Division shall be 6 1-1 cents 

per week. 

F ART. 13. 

Balloting. In balloting for members, the ballot-box 
shall be placed in full view of the W. P. and W. A., and 
shall be examined by them,— when, if it shall appear the 
candidate is constitutionally elected, he shall so declare it. 

ART. 11. 

Vacancies. When any officer of the Division mav 
be compelled to be absent during the term of his office 
his place shall be supplied by the appointment of an offi- 
cer pro tern.; provided the officer has given due notice 

ART. 15. 

Attendance. Sec. 1 . Every brother who accepts of 
fice shall attend at the time and place appointed for tin 
meeting The R. S. and F. S. shall have their book: 
present at every regular meeting. 

Sec. 2. Any officer absenting himself for three succes 
sive meetings, and not showing good cause therefor, hi 



BY-LAWS* 73 

seat may be declared vacant by a vote of the Division, 
add his absence to be taken as evidence of his resi^na- 
tion. 

ART. 16. 

Admission. Every member on being admitted, shall 
sign the Constitution and By-Laws of the Division, and 
thereby agree to support the same — and pay all legal de- 
mands against him so long as he remains a member. He 
shall furnish the F. S. with his residence, and in case of 
changing or removing, he shall notify him thereof in wri- 
ting within one month thereafter. And for every week's 
failure to do so, he shall pay a fine of five cents, unless ex- 
cused by the Division. 

ART. 17. 

Funerals. Sec 1. In case of the death of a member, 
information shall be given to the W. P, who shall order 
the R. S. to call a meeting of the Division to attend the 
Funeral, (if within the limits of the Corporation, and with 
the approval of the family of the deceased.) The pro- 
cession shall be without carriages, and the corpse borne 
by the brethren, with badges shrouded in crape, without 
music, except by a vote of the Division. 

ART. 18. 

Assessment. Sec. 1. When a funeral benefit has been 
paid, or the Division made liable therefor, if there is less 
than one hundred dollars in the funds, each member of 
the Division shall be assessed by the F. S. twety-five cts. 

Sec. 2. Should the funds of this Division at any time 
be exhausted, there shall be an equal assessment upon 
everv member for the relief of any sick brother or brothers. 

ART. 19. 

Committee on Orphans. Sec. 1. There shall be a 
committee of three, whose duty it shall be to exercise a 
general supervision over the children of deceased mem- 
bers of this Division; to see that proper attention is paid 
to their education and moral training; to use all proper 
means to bring them under the principles of this institu- 
tion, and so far as practicable tosupplv the place of their 
7 



74 BY-LAWS. 

deceased father during the time of their minority; and to 
report their action on the subject at least once in every 
three months ; said committee to exist one year from the 
time of their appointment. 

ART. 20. 
Quorum. Nine members shall constitute a quorum 
for the transaction of business. 

ART. 21. 
No subject of a sectarian or political nature shall be in- 
troduced before the Division. 

ART. 22. 
Sec. 1. The A. R. T. shall keep a book in which he 
shall record the Constitution, By-Laws, Rules of Order, 
and all amendments to the same, and all resolutions that 
may be passed from time to time for the good government 
of the Division; he shall keep it on his desk during the 
meeting hours, for the inspection of the members. And 
when requested so to do, and permitted by the W. P., he 
shall read such part or parts of the Constitution, By-Laws, 
Rules of Order, or Resolutions therein contained as may 
be designated by the brother so requesting it to be read. 
Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the A. R. S. to furnish 
the Chairman of the Visiting Committee with an accurate 
list of the members of the Division, giving the name, age, 
residence, and date of initiation of each member, and pla- 
cing them in the order in which they are signed to the 
Constitution; and it shall be his duty to correct the list 
at the commencement of every month. 

ART. 23. 
No part of these By-Laws shall be repealed, annulled 
or altered, unless a proposal in writing be presented to 
the Division one regular meeting previous, when, if two- 
thirds of the members present vote in favor, it shall be 
adopted. 



EUI.ES of oedee, 1 

Sec. 1. After the Division has been duly opened by 
singing an ode, the W. P. shall request the P. W. P. to 
read a portion of the Holy Scriptures, and proceed as 
follows : 

1. Reading the minutes of the previous meeting. 

2. Reception of Report of Investigating Committee. 

3. Candidates balloted for. 

4. Candidates elected to be initiated. 

5. The W. P. shall enquire: — 1st, Are any of the 
brethren sick? 2nd, Has any brother violated the 
pledge? 3rd, Has any brother a friend to propose as a 
proper person to become a Son of Temperance? 

6. Communications and Correspondence. 

7. Receiving the Reports of Standing Committees. 

8. Receiving the Reports of Special Committees. 

9. Attending to unfinished business on the docket. 

10. Miscellaneous business. 

11. Has any brother anything to offer for the benefit of 
our institution? 

Sec. 2. No question shall be entertained unless moved 
by one brother and duly seconded by another brother; 
nor be open for discussion until stated distinctly by the 
W. P., and when a question is thus before the Division, 
no motion shall be received, unless to lay on the table the 
motion under consideration, or a call for the previous 
question, to postpone or refer, or to amend, which shall 
have precedence in the order in which they are arranged ; 
the second of which shall be decided without debate. 
And no motion to reconsider a vote shall at any time be 
had — but it may be rescinded. 

Sec. 3. When a blank is to be filled, the question shall 
be first taken on the highest sum or number, and on the 
longest time proposed. 



76 RULES OF ORDER. 

Sec. 4. Any brother may call for the division of a ques- 
tion when the sense will admit of it. 

Sec. 5. The yeas and nays shall be ordered by the W. 
P. on the call of any brother, when duly seconded. 

Sec. 6. All questions (unless otherwise fixed by law) 
shall be determined by a majority of votes. 

Sec. 7. No member shall speak more than twice, nor 
more than ten minutes on the same motion, without leave 
of the W. P., unless for the purpose of brief explanation. 

Sec. 8. The W. P., or any brother may call a bro- 
ther to order while speaking, when the debate shall be 
suspended and the brother shall not proceed till the point 
of order be determined, unless to appeal from the deci- 
sion of the Chair, when he may use the following words 
(in substance) and none other: "W. P., I respectfully 
appeal from the decision of the Chair to the Division." 
Whereupon the Division without further remark, shall 
proceed to vote upon the question: "Will the Division 
sustain the Chair?" 

Sec. 9. When a brother has been called to order for 
the manifestation of bad temper or improper language 
or feelings, he shall not be allowed to speak again in the 
Division at that meeting, unless by a vote to waive the 
rule. 

Sec. 10. On the call of nine brothers, the majority of 
the Division may demand that the previous question shall 
be put, which shall always be in this form : " Shall the 
main question be now put?" And until it is decided, 
shall preclude all amendments to the main question, and 
all further debate. 

Sec. 11. It shall be in order for a brother about to 
present a resolutonfor consideration in his place, to state 
its object before it is seconded, but no more — the discus- 
sion of its merits not being admissible. 

Sec, 12. The W. P. shall at such time, as in his judg- 
ment, all necessary business has been transacted, call for 
the receipts of the evening, and proceed to close in due 
form. 



FORM OF PROPOSITION. 

I propose Mr. , Age , Occupation 

, Residence , as a proper person to 



become a member of Ohio Division, No. 1, Sons of 
Temperance. 



6* 



A SPIRITED TALE. 

THE MINISTER'S FEAST. 



BY LYDIA JANE PIERSON. 



The Reverend Mr. N was a man of excellent 

temper, but he was eccentric. He was a powerful 
preacher, and his ministration was blest to the reforma- 
tion of many in his parish. At the age of thirty-four he 
became enamored of a beautiful light-hearted girl of 
seventeen, daughter of a rich parishioner. Well, the 
marriage was consummated, the bride's portion paid ; 
and the husband, as husbands in their first love are apt 
to do, consented to the humor of his wife, and accom- 
panied her to several festive parties given by his weal- 
thy neighbors in honor of his marriage. 

The happy couple were sitting together in their com- 
fortable parlor one evening towards spring, the reverend 
gentleman studying the Venerable Bede, and his wife 
equally intent upon a plate of the latest fashions, when 
she suddenly looked up with an expression between 
hope and fear, and thus addressed her companion. 

" My dear husband I have a request to make.* 7 

" Well, Nancy, any thing consistent" 

" You do not imagine that I would make an inconsis- 
tent request, surely V } 

u No, not a request that you consider inconsistent. 
But come, what is it V* 

" Why, my dear sir," and her voice trembled a little, 
M we have been to several parties among the neighbor- 
ing gentry, and now I think, that to maintain our posi- 



80 



A SPIRITED TALE. 



tion in society, we should make a party too." The 
minister looked blank. 

"What sort of party, Nancy?" he said, at length. 

" Why," she replied, such a party as those we have 
attended. We must make an elegant dinner, and have 
dancing after it." 

" Dancing! in a minister's house!" ejaculated Mr. N. 

" Why, yes, certainly," replied his wife, coaxingly. 
" You will not dance, the party will be mine ; and then 
we have been to similar parties all winter.' 7 

" True, true," he muttered with a perplexed air, and 
sat silent for some time, as if considering. At length 
he spoke. " Yes, Nancy, you may make a party, give a 
dinner, and if the guests desire it, you may dance." 

" Thank you love," she cried, putting her arms 
around his neck. 

" But I have some stipulations to make about it," he 
said. "I must select and invite the guests, and you 
must allow me to place some of my favorite dishes upon 
the table." 

"Alias you please, love," she answered delightedly; 
" but when shall it be ?" 

" Next Wednesday, if you please." 
1 " But our furniture and window draperies are very 
old-fashioned. Is it not time we had new ?" 

" I should hardly think it necessary to refurnish our 
rooms, Nancy. All our furniture is excellent of its kind." 

"But our smooth carpets, white draperies, and cane 
chairs have such a cold look, do consent to have the 
rooms new fitted ; we can move these things to the un- 
furnished chambers." 

"And of what use will they be in those rooms which 
we never occupy? Besides, it is near spring, and to fit 
up now for winter is superfluous." 

"Well, I would not care," she persisted, "only peo- 
ple will call us parsimonious and ungenteel." 

" Oh, if that is all," he said, "I will promise to expend 
a thousand dollars on the evening of the party, not in 



A SPIRITED TALE. 81 

furniture, but in a manner which will be far more grate- 
ful to our guests, and profitable to ourselves, and which 
shall exonerate us from all imputation of parsimony; 
and you may expend in dress, eatables and dessert, just 
what sum you please." And so the colloquy ended. 
He resumed his studies, and she gave her mind to the 
consideration of the dress which would be most becom- 
ing, and the viands that were most expensive. The 
next day she w r ent busily about her preparations, won- 
dering all the time how her husband would expend his 
thousand dollars; but as she had discovered something 
of die eccentricity of his character, she doubted not 
that he meant to give an agreeable surprise; and her 
curiosity grew so great that she could hardly sleep dur- 
ing the interval. 

At length, the momentous day arrived. The arrange- 
ments were all complete, and Mrs. N retired to 

perform the all-important business of arraying her per- 
son in fine attire. She lingered long at the toilet, relv- 
ing on the fashionable unpunctuality of fashionable 
people, and when the hour struck, left her chamber, 
arrayed, like Judith of old, gloriously, to allure the 
eyes of all who should look upon her, and full of sweet 
smiles and graces, notwithstanding the uncomfortable 
pinching of her shoes and dress. Her husband met her 
in the hall. 

\ " Our guests have all arrived," he said, and opened 
the door of the reviewing room. Wonderful ! wonder- 
ful ! What a strange assembly ! There w T ere congre- 
gated the cripple, the maimed, and the blind; the pal- 
sied, the extreme aged, and a group of children from 
the almshouse, who regarded the fine lady, some with 
wide open mouths, others with both hands in their hair, 
while some peeped from behind furniture, the covert to 
which they had retreated from her dazzling presence. 
She w 7 as petrified with astonishment; then a dash of 
displeasure crossed her face, till having ran her eyes 
over the grotesque assembly, she met the comically 



82 A SPIRITED TALE. 

grave expression of her husband's countenance, when 
she burst out into a violent fit of laughter. 

" Nancy !" at length said her husband, sternly. 

She suppressed her mirth, stammered an excuse, and 
added, " You will forgive me, and believe yourselves 
quite welcome." 

"That is well done," whispered Mr. N , then. 

" My friends," he said, " as my wife is not acquainted 
with you, I will make a few presentations." Then 
leading her toward an emaciated creature, whose dis- 
torted limbs were unable to support his body, he said, 

" This gentleman, Nancy, is the Reverend Mr. N , 

who in his youth travelled and endured much in the 
cause of our common Master. A violent rheumatism, 
induced by colds contracted among the new settlements 
of the west, where he was employed in preaching the 
Gospel to the poor, has reduced him to his present con- 
dition. This lady, his wife, has piously sustained him, 
and by her own labor procured a maintenance for her- 
self and him. But she is old and feeble now, as you 
see." 

N Then turning to a group with silver locks and thread- 
bare coats, he continued, " These are soldiers of the 
Revolution. They wer© all sons of rich men. They 
went out in their young strength to defend their oppres- 
sed country. They endured hardships, toils, and suf- 
ferings, such as we hardly deem it possible for men to 
endure and live; they returned home at the close of the 
war, maimed in their limbs, and with broken constitu- 
tions, to find their patrimonies destroyed by fire, or the 
chances of war, or their property otherwise filched and 
wrested from them. And these worthy men live in 
poverty and neglect in the land for the prosperity of 
which they sacrificed their all. These venerable ladies 
are wives of these patriots, and widows of others who 
have gone to their reward. They could tell you tales 
that would thrill your heart, and make it better. This 
is the celebrated and learned Dr, B , who saved 



A SPIRITED TALE. 83 

hundreds oflives during the spotted epidemic. But his 
great success aroused the animosity of his medical bre- 
thren, who succeeded in ruining his practice, and when 
blindness came upon him, he was forgetten by those 
whom he had delivered from death. This lovely crea- 
ture is his only child, and she is motherless. She leads 
him daily by the hand, and earns the food she sets be- 
fore him. Yet her learning and accomplishments are 
wonderful, and she is the author of those exquisite 

poems which appear occasionally in the Magazine. 

These children were orphaned in infancy by the Asiatic 
cholera, and their sad hearts have seldom been cheered 
by a smile, or their palates regaled by delicious food. 
Now dry your eyes, and lead on to the dining room." 

She obeyed, and notwithstanding her emotions, the 
thumping of coarse shoes, and rattling of sticks, crutch- 
es, and wooden legs behind her, well nigh threw her 
into another indecorous laugh. 

To divert her attention, she glanced over the table. 
There stood the dishes for which her husband had sti- 
pulated, in the shape of two monstrous homely- looking 
meat pies, and two enormous platters of baked meats and 
vegetables, looking like mighty mountains among the 
delicate viands that she had prepared for the refined 
company which she expected. She took her place, and 
prepared to do the table honors; but her husband, after 
a short thanksgiving to the Bountiful God, addressed 
the company with, 8 Now, my brethren, help yourselves 
and one another, to whatever you deem preferable. I 
will wait upon the children." 

A hearty and jovial meal was made, the minister 
setting the example; the old soldiers became garrulous, 
nnd each recounted some wonderful or thrilling adven- 
ture of the revolutionary war; and the old ladies told 
tales of privation and suffering, and interwove with them 
the histories of fathers, brothers, or lovers, who died for 
liberty. 

Mrs. N was sobbing convulsively, when her bus- 



84 A SPIRITED TALE. ' 

band came round, and touching her shoulder, whispered, 
" My love, shall we have dancing?" That word, with 
its ludicrous association, fairly threw her into hysterics, 
and she laughed and wept at once. 

When she became quiescent, Mr. N thus ad- 
dressed the company: 

"I fear my friends, that you will think my wife a friv- 
olous, inconsistent creature, and I must therefore apolo- 
gize for her. We were married only last fall, and have 
attended several gay parlies, which our rich neighbors 
gave in honor of our nuptials, and my wife thought it 
would be genteel to give a dinner in return. I consented 
on conditions, one of which was, that I should invite the 
guests. So, being a professed minister of Him who 
was meek and lowly in heart, I followed to the letter 
his command, 4 But when thou makest a feast, call the 
poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind,' &c.; you all 

recollect the passage. 3lrs. N , not knowing who 

her guests were to be, is highly delighted with the ruse 
I have played, and I do not believe there has been so 
noble and honorable a company assembled this winter. 
My wife desired new furniture, lest we should be 
deemed parsimonious, and I pledged myself to expend 
one thousand dollars in a manner more pleasing to our 
guests, and which should obviate any such imputation." 

Then addressing the children, he said, 

" You will each be removed to-morrow to excellent 
places; and if you continue to be industrious and per- 
fectly honest in word and deed, you will become respect- 
able members of society. To you, Dr. B , under 

God I owe my life. I did not know your locality, nei- 
ther had I heard of your misfortunes, until a few days 
since. I can never repay the debt I owe you, but if you 
and your daughter will accept the neat furnished house 
adjoining mine, I will see that you never want again. 
To you, patriot fathers, and these nursing mothers of 
our country, I present the one thousand dollars. Jt is 
just one hundred dollars to each soldier, and soldier's 



A SPIRITED TALE. 85 

widow. It is a mere trifle, No thanks, my friends. 

You, Mr. N , are my father in the Lord. Under 

your preaching I first became convinced of sin, and it 
was your voice that brought me the words of salvation. 
You will remain in my house. I have a room prepared 
for you, and a pious servant to attend you. It is time 
you were at peace, and your excellent lady relieved of 
your burden." The crippled preacher fell prostrate on 
the carpet, and poured out such thanksgiving and prayer, 
as found way to the heart of Mrs. N , who ulti- 
mately became a meek and pious woman, a fit helpmate 
for a devoted gospel minister. 



8 



THE INEBRIATES RETURN 

Tune — Soldier's Return. 



When I had signed the Temperance Pledge. 
And homeward was returning, 
To seek again my early home. 
So long the seat of mourning. 

I left my old accustomed haunts ; 
Forsook my old acquaintance, 
A tattered garb was all my wealth. 
And all my joy, repentance. 

I thought upon my wretched wife. 
And on my children's anguish ; 
I thought how A ong in poverty 
They had been left to languish. 

I thought upon our early love, 
When first our troth we plighted — 
I thought upon the sacred vows 
By which we were united. 

I thought how oft with streaming eyes, 
She warned me of my danger ; 
I thought how oft her kind rebuke 
I had cut short in anger. 

I thought upon the morning dram. 
That led to my undoing ; 
I thought upon the slow degrees, 
By which I sunk to ruin. 

A bursting heart was in my breast, 
And on my face confusion, 
Yet fervently I prayed for aid, 
VTo keep my resolution. 



8# SONGS. 

At length I reached my cottage door> 
duite weary and faint-hearted, 
But almost feared to meet the gaze 
Of her I had deserted. 

But she had heard of my reform, 
And waited for my coming, 
And on her pallid cheek again, 
The rose of hope was blooming. 

With trembling hand I raised the latch, 
By stealth the door unclosing, 
When with a frantic shout of joy, 
She sunk upon my bosom. 

My children clung around my neck, 
And sobbed with strong emotion, 
Then fervently we joined in prayer, 
With heart-felt deep devotion. 

Come every one, both young and old, 
Come fathers, and come mothers ; 
Come all ye little girls and boys, 
Come sisters, and come brothers. 

Come now, and sign the Temperance Pledge, 
While time and health are given, 
And join our cause with hearts and hand, 
Twill pave the road to Heaven. 

N. M. ML 



SONGS. 89 



Air — American Star. 



Come, spread the glad tidings, the foe is retreating, 
The Legions of Bacchus no longer annoy, 
The cold water army to quarters are beating, 
The bright eye of beauty is beaming with joy. 



The wives are delighted, and joyous the mother, 
The hearts of the children are bounding with gle \ 
There's pleasure for sisters, there's safety for brothers 
No longer a foe in their father they see. 

The days of distrust and desception are over : 
The heart of the maiden is bounding with joy, 
She hears with delight the fond vows of her lover, 
For he is a true-hearted Washington bov. 



D 1 - 



In days of our fathers, when tyrants oppressed us ; 
Brave Washington vow'd that our land should be fe3 ; 
He drove from our shores the fierce foe that distress'd us, 
And planted our ever-green Liberty tree. 

King Bacchus, a tyrant, more cruel past measure, 
Has long ruled our country, and caused it to mourn : 
He robs us of reason, of health, and of treasure, 
And gives broken hearts, and black eyes in return. 

The cold water boys have declared Independence — 
The battle is gained, and our foes disappear, 
The ladies like patriots, give their attendance, 
Their husbands, their brothers, their lovers, to cheer. 

8* 



$$ SONGS. 

Though brave were our fathers, and proud the occasion. 
That led them to conquest, their sons are as brave. 
Their weapons were carnal, ours moral persuasion ; 
They slaughter^ their foes, while ue conquer to save. 

Let all be united, our good cause to cherish, 
A coal from God's altar has lighted the flame ; 
Then long may the fair tree of Temperance flourish. 
Which freemen have planted in Washington's name. 

N. M. M. 






SONGS. 91 



SIGN THE PLEDGE 

Tune — Bruce's Address. 



Sisters, brothers, one and all, 
Listen to a friendly call, 
Shun the path where thousands fall. 
Sign the Temperance Pfcdge. 

If from strife you would be free ? 
If happy while on earth you'd be? 
Or win a blessed eternity $ 

Sign the Temperance Pledge. 

If a tattered garb you crave ? 
If you wish to be a slave ? 
If you'd fill a drunkards grave * 
Cast the Pledge away. 

If you long for care and strife?" 
If you'd kill your tender wife ? 
If you seek your children's life ? 
Drink from day to. day.. 



If degraded you would be ?" 
If you wish for poverty ? 
Or fos shame and misery?' 

Then you need not sign.. 

If you wish your cares to cease ? 
If in goods you would increase? 
If yoi?d live in joy and peace ? 
Quickly come and sign. 



92 



SONGS. 



All from youth to hoary age, 
In this glorious work engage, 
Come and sign the Temderance Pledge. 
Come and sign to-day. 



Now's the time, and here the place, 
If you love the human race, 
If you'd be a child of grace 3 

Make no more delay. N. M. N 



SONGS. 93 



Selfishness and Benevolence in Poetry, partly illustra- 
ted as they are in the Lecture on the License, Manufacturings 
and Retail Systems. 



There are two words which I will call; 
The one is great, the other small — 
The small is bad, the great is good, 
And they are easy understood. 



Benevolence was once in man, 
It was before sin began, 
But Selfishness crept 'nto his heart. 
And bade Benevolence depart. 



The Devil said to Adam and Eve, 
Don't you see these beautiful leaves, 
They then did eat forbidden fruit, 
And they were sunk beneath the brute, 



Now these two words you've understood ; 
I now must turn to men not good — 
They meet their friends with a smile and grin, 
And then they sell them wine and gin. 



The Council license some to sell, 
And this is sending men to hell. 
Oh don't you see poor woman mourn, 
Now her poor heart 's already torn. 



What is the cause? I'll tell you why, 
Her little children in vain do cry 
For bread — there's none she gives to them, 
In consequence of the council men. 



94 SONGS. 

There is the manufacturer, 
He makes his thousands every year, 
He sees no interest but his own, 
And many a woman he makes mourn. 



Whilst writing, I have tried to find, 
Something else, but a selfish mind ; 
Benevolence 's not in his heart, 
The poor and needy he bids depart. 

There is the Coffec-House keeper, 
He is the greatest deceiver ; 
He has his bottles in fhc bar. 
And a great turtle at the door. 



In my lecture I have sen, 
Nothing but a man of sin. 
Now look, and see self is within, 1 
The poor and needy won't go to him, 



There is a man I now remember, 
He has a very bad distemper : 
He says to drunkards, now get out, 
For no such creatures I'll have about. 



Now look into my drawing-room, 
The gents and ladies are in bloom, 
Now see my bar and bottles fair, 
None but the best are admitted there. 



There is one more I'd not forget. 

He has a little conscience yet , 

His custom it is very small, 

In consequence of the Temperance ball. 

Adversity now makes him think, 

He sees that he is on the brink, 

The Temperance cause he cries 'tis true. 

And I will sign the Pledge with you. 



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